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[TOC spread]

How to use

The Main Listings follow same order as the standard cuneiform unicode (alpha-numeric) column after column (why didn"t the powers that be just keep the codes sequentially all numeric?!). If you only have the sign try Major Lemma, then the QuickFinder Index.

First lemma (reading / syllable) after grapheme is usually the "sign name", sometimes the Sumerian name as well, as are any other readings / aliases after that. Gradually adding compounds. Cuneiform fonts have been replaced with jpg graphics because some tablets do not display them. Clearer shots of logograms will come eventually, for now use ScriptSource (click on first result for even bigger size) or Google Images (e.g. “unicode 120F6″).

And the MUGSAR is proudly, and primarily, a Sumerian dictionary of the first writers, not Akkadian, Babylonian nor Hittite ones. So we pretty much are only interested in lemma that go back to at least Ur III (8000CT / 4000ya). Nor lemma that have 0x attestations. Again there are some great lexicons around but they include a big chunk of this latter stuff, when plagiarizing the Sumerians was in full swing. And don"t even show attestations, nor you know what… it"s bad enough that there are no signs, but to think that much is not even Sterling-Sumerian, or rarely used, well.

You may notice with sign evolution, that it goes from the proto drawings to the cool Sumerian cuneiform, and then about 1000 years after them the fanastic pictures are lost through over simplification and the move to bland phonetic script. Who wants to look at that kind of dictionary. That"s why we are proudly snobs of MUGSAR!

MAIN LISTINGS

Numeric Unicode & A-Z Lemma [914]

12000 A [vowel; 2329x] = water (plural only) | (mû) (most often complimented with MEŠ) | semen, progeny, heir; [110x] a cry of woe, bemoan, (sigh of) wonder, groan (aya) | dur₅, duru₅ [227x]= (to be) soft; (to be) wet, moist, damp; irrigated; fresh | { The Xxxxxx Family 12014CT}

cpds ID₂, i₇ [1086x] = river, canal | determinative &id₂; river names a-na [566x] = what?; as much as [it takes] (math.)[~ + 1223ENA aux.] am₃ = [50x]to be [copula variant cf. 12228; 12000 A progeny +1202DAN deity; True Etym. English 'am'] | šeg₃(šeg₃)[70x]= to (fall as) dew; to rain; rain

a-ba [326x] = who [12000 A progeny +12040 BA share]

A Variants:

uQQ a-a (aya) [561x] = father | cf. 1201C

12001 A x A; 12002 A x BAD; 12003 A x GAN2 tenu;

12004 A x HA | sa₇ (Borger za₃) [481x] = to disappear; to move away, withdraw; to stay away; (to be) lost; (to be) fugitive

12005 A x IGI; 12006 A x LAGAR gunu; 12007 A x MUSH; 12008 A x SAG

12009 A₂, ID, TI₈, IDUM= [6115x] arm /limb; labor; wing; horn; side; strength; wage; power | time | [Evol.: shoulder + arm] | cpd id-gurum(id-gur₂) [2026x] = ladle | AN, a₂-an [48x] = spadix (plant spike, erection)

1200A AB, IM₅ | = cosmic sea, window | AB.BA = ancestor | cpd ABZU = abyss [~ + 1236A ZU know] – Sumerian mythology: the world / earth was a disc and under was the abzu [label: True Etymology] |

cpd UNU, unu₆ [1511x] = banquet; dining hall; the most sacred part of a temple; seat, throne; dwelling, domicile, abode; temple

AB Variants:

1200B ~ x ASH2; 1200C ~ x DUN3 gunu; 1200D ~ x GAL | irigal [OB]; 1200E ~ x GAN2 tenu; 1200F ~ x HA; 12010 ~ x IGI gunu; 12011 ~ x IMIN (5+2=7); 12012 ~ x LAG~; 12013 ~ x SHESH

12014 AB x U + U + U | UNU, UNUG, ERI₁₁, AB x EŠ | ^URU UNUG(Sumerian)= Uruk

12015 AB gunu | ab₄,aba₄, gun₄, iri₁₁, unu, unug| cpd URIM(Sumerian)= Ur (city) | unug,unu_{2 (}see unu₆ above 1200A)

12016 AB₂ [5272x] = cow [cf. 121A8 KISIM₅(with tail – sour milk)]

AB₂ Variants:

12017 ~ x BALAG;

12018 ~ x GAN2 tenu| šem₅ [14x]= a drum

12019 ~ x ME +EN;

1201A ~ x SHA3 | lipiš [40x] =inner body; heart; anger, rage | šem₃, ub₃ [15x] = a drum

1201B ~ x TAK4

1201CAD [36x] = father [cf. uQQaya (561x)] |ad [26x] voice; cry; noise | [13x] log; plank

cpd ad-da = father [ ~ + 12055 DA line (gen.)] | True Etym. “dad”

1201D AK(ag) [3643x] = to do; to make; to act, perform; to proceed,proceeding (math.)

cpdim-ak-a-bi = revenge [1214E IM anger + 1201D AK to do

+ 12000 A bemoan + 12049 BI open]

MU-AK = do (cooking) [1222C MU name, cook + 1201D AK do]

1201E AK x ERIN2 | me₃ [243x] = battle, combat

1201F AK x SHITA + GISH

12020 AL [744x] = hoe / hoeing, pickax [tool; CVNE = compound verb nominal element]

AL Variants:

12021 ~ x ~; 12022 ~ x DIM2; 12023 ~ x GISH; 12024 ~ x HA; 12025 ~ x KAD3; 12026 ~ x KI; 12027 ~ x SHE; 12028 ~ x USH

12029 ALAN, ALAM [399x] = statue, icon, form | (GUD/GUD).NA₂| cf. 1223F Nu₂ lay, bed

1202A ALEPH [reconstructed (first) sign => "A" ??; cf. HI sweet/good; ox (head)]

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

1202B AMAR [2771x] = young, youngster, son, descendant; calf / young bull, chick | zur | cpdamar-utu =Marduk (bull calf of the sun god utu – northern hemisphere 12 day winter solstice celebration of his birthday, later plagarized by various cultures) [ ~ + 12313 utu sun]

1202C AMAR x SHE (ŠE) = sacrifice, ritual

1202D AN, DIGIR (dingir) [1837x] = sky, god, goddess, deity, cosmic; heaven; upper; crown (of a tree) | determinative divine names &d; | plant spadix (spike) erection – see12009

1202E AN/AN;

1202F AN x 3 | AN/AN.AN, mul [129x] = star; to shine, radiate (light); arrow; to radiate (branches)[Tara! (also in sanskrit)] | determinative ^&mul; stars / planets

cpd mul-an [33x] = cosmic star [1202F MUL star + 1202D AN cosmic]

12030 AN + NAGA OPP. AN + NAGA; 12031 AN + NAGA sq

12032 ANSHE / anše= [2957x] donkey, equid (hoofed mammals) | DUR₃, DUSU₂ | ANŠE+NUN+NA = mule | ANŠE+KUR+RA = horse | determinative donkey/horse names &ance;

12033 APIN, ^GIŠapin (uru₄) [741x] = (seed) plow | uru₄ [359x] = sow, cultivate | ^LÚengar = farmer | àbsin = furrow (long shallow trench)

12034 ARAD, ÌR (ir₃), níta, nita = [269x] slave, servant

12035 ARAD₂ (ir₁₁) x KUR = [3028x] slave, servant [from the hinterland / mountain tribes]

[PLM] Jaritz #668 "(male) slave". It is normally read as arad2 but it also reads ge24 for *gi24 which simply means "male"; and that the meaning "male" is derived from *gix, "penis", "phallus-like", making gi24 *gî24.

12036 ARKAB | arkab₂ = [0x!] bird orbat | argab (GAR-IB)

12037 ASAL₂ | asal_x = [0x!] poplartree [PSD aliases: asar₂ ašar₂ (A.TU.GABA.LIŠ)]

12038 ASH / AŠ [191x] = 1 (“1″ one numeric) | dili [227x]= (to be) single, unique, sole; (to be) alone

12039 ASH ZIDA tenu; 1203A ASH KABA tenu

1203B ~/~ TUG2/TUG2 TUG2/TUG2 PAP

1203C ASHx3, ESH / EŠ = 3 (“3″ three numeric)

1203D ASH/~/~ +-ing ~/~/~ | KASH / kaš₂(kas) = beer, alcohol [1344x] cf 12049

1203E ASH₂ (út), aš₂ = curse [51x]

1203F ASHGAB / AŠGAB [631x] = leather-worker

12040 BA = [839x]split; to divide into shares, share, halve, to allot; porridge; [26x]animal, marine creature; [11x]open, thresh | [19x] tool (cpd reed stylus)

[PLM]central line demarcating the gluteal cleft of the buttocks [True Etym. bum, butt-ocks], with the line extending below as a tail, to make its position on the anatomy clear cf. Inana L116[Jaritz #5]

cpd su₈-ba (ES) [25x] = shepherd

ba-ni-in-dug₄-ga = more violent threshing about [12040 BA threshing + 1224C NI quiver + 12154 IN = abuse, rape + 12157 dug4 / KA = perform + 120B5 GA suckling, hold]

ba-ni-in-su-ub-ba = kissing [12040 BA thresh about + 1224C NI quiver+ 12154 IN = abuse, rape + 122E2 SU submerge, flesh + 12312 UB praise, ruin]

12041 BAD, BE | [109x] (to be) remote; to open, undo | SUMUN, SUN = lú+bad = lord | munus+bad = lady | úš = death, destruction | reed stylus ?? cf. 12357 uš₂ = die, kill; blood | cf. 12300 TIL

12042 BAG₃ ?? = qqq [numeric ??; ba-ga ?? | pag, bag, bak, pak, HU, 12137]

12043 BAHAR₂ [315x] = potter

12044 BAL, giš, ^gešbalak(^gešbalak,^gešbala,^gešbala) [31x] = spindle cf. 121B0 NUMUN seed

cpd balbale (bal-bal-e) [34x] = literary subscript [~x2 + 1208A e speak]

12045 BAL/BAL

12046 BALAG [154x], DUB₂ = harp, large drum (instrument)

12047 BAR [2579x] = outside, (other) side; behind; outer form, outer; fleece; outsider, strange; back, shoulder; liver; because of; to set aside; to cut open, slit, split | half; LÚ+MÁŠDA = poor man | MAŠD+TAB+BA = twin cf 12226

12048 BARA₂, barag = [423x] ruler, king; dais, seat;[52x] sack; a part of an animal"s body;[7x] mix

12049 BI / PI, KASH / kaš [13889x] = beer; alcoholic drink | determinative ^&kac; alcohol | (* True Etym. bi => beer); open [also 1203D ]

1204A ~ x A

1204B ~ x GAR | bappir₃ [385x] = an ingredient in beer-making

1204C ~ x IGI gunu

1204D BU, GID₂ = [2252x] long, length | bur₁₂(bu) = to tear[189x; verb]

1204E ~/~ AB; 1204F ~/~ UN; 12050 ~ +-ing ~

12051 BULUG [56x] =needle; stake; boundary; seal pin

12052 ~/~

12053 BUR [85x] = (food) offering, sacrifice; meal(-time); (stone) bowl; a priest | bur [67x]= a unit of area; a unit of volume | cpd burgul (BUR+GUL) = stone-cutter [55x]

12054 BUR₂ = [78x] light; to glow, shine | bur₂ [176x] = to release, free; to reveal; to spread out, cover

12055 DA, DAG [77x] = line (esp genealogy) | da =[479x]side, edge; vicinity | ^gešda(^gešda) = [13x]writing board | [PLM] da side

cpd DAGGAN, da-gan₂ [11x] = (sleeping) chamber [ ~ + 120F7 GAN field, area];

DA-GA_NA = lair [12055 DA lair + 120B5 GA suckling, hold + 1223E NA man, pestle, pounder]

12056 DAG [46x] = dwelling

DAG KISIM₅ (121A8 sour milk [cow] + dwelling = diary farm??) Variants:

12057 ~ x A + MASH; 12058 ~ x AMAR;

12059 ~ x BALAG; 1205A ~ x BI

1205B DAG-KISIM₅ x GA | akan, ubur = female breast, nipple

1205C ~ x GA + MASH; 1205D ~ x GI; 1205E ~ xGIR₂

1205F DAG-KISIM₅ x GUD | utul₅ = cow herd

12060 ~ x HA; 12061 ~~ x IR; 12062 ~~ x IR + LU ;12063 ~~ x KAK; 12064 ~~ x LA; 12065 ~~ x LU; 12066 ~~ x LU + MASH2; 12067 ~~ x LUM; 12068 ~~ x NE; 12069 ~~ x PAP + PAP; 1206A ~~ x SI; 1206B ~~ x TAK4; 1206C ~~ x U2 + GIR2; 1206D ~~ x USH

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

1206E DAM [2104x] = wife, spouse

cpd nam-dam [92x] = marriage [12246 NAM determined order + ~]

e₂-dam [10x] = tavern [1208D e₂ house + ~]

1206F DAR [402x] = to break up, crush, grind; to split, split up; to cut open | durah_x(dara₄)[410x] = wild goat, mountain goat | cf. 12071 below

12070 DARA₃ ~ IBE_X |durah(dara₃)[89x] = wild goat, mountain goat | cf. 1206F

12071 DARA₄ [43x] = (to be) red; (to be) brown; blood | cf. 1206F above

12072 DI (de, did) [452x] = right, justice, law, lawsuit, trial; legal decision | cpd di-kud = judge, judgement; lawsuit [ ~ + 122FB decide] | sa₂ (sá) [452x] = to equal, compare, compete, be equal to, rival; [91x] to tie (shoes); [46x] advice, counsel; resolution, intelligence | salim, silim [228x] = well-being; healthy, prosperity; completeness, favourable | syll.: ti₄

12073 DIB, DAB = GRASP | LU, UDU = sheep [cf 121FB]

12074 DIM [38x] = post, pillar, pole; binding, knot, bond; plant

12075 DIM x SHE / ŠE, DIM x KUR | MUN [427x] = salt; to be brackish; older ??

12076 DIM₂ [2109x] = to create, make, manufacture; to replace?; to bring forth?

12077 DIN [1x UNMNG – PSD: unknown/ED IIIb/Nippur...] cf. compound suffix – chariot, vegetable

12078 DIN KASKAL U gunu DISH

12079 DISH [5x!] = 1 (“1″ one numeric) | GEŠ₂[92x] = 60 sixty;| DIŠ (gè), GIŠ₂, NIGIDA

1207A DU [5868x] gin, ra₂, ri_6, gen (gen) = to go / come; [2789x] = to go; to flow | de₆ [1794x] / tum₂ [10x behind tum₃ 134x] = to bring / carry | GUB = stand

cpd e₃ (UD-DU) [1850x] = to leave, to go out; to thread, hang on a string; to remove, take away; to bring out; to enter; to bring in; to raise, rear (a child); to sow; to rave; to winnow; to measure (grain) roughly (with a stick); to rent [12313 UD sun + ~]

gen-na = go [ ~ + 1223E pestle]

im-gen = went [1214E IM copula + ~]

a-ra2 [4046x] = times (with numbers, multiplication); ways; way; omen; step (math.) [12000 A progeny + ~]

1207B DU/DU; 1207C DU gunu

1207D DU sheshig / šešis, gir₅, KASH / kaš₄ (kas₄) [1089x] = runner, trotter, messenger; to run

1207E DUB [1183x] = (clay)tablet, document | kišib₃ kishib₃ [17468xxx!] = cylinder seal, sealed tablet

[PLM] Jaritz #239 "(brick/tablet) mold", and is recorded to mean "clay tablet", which is simply a "molded loaf" put to an intellectual rather than a constructional use; dub also recorded to read dubb(-)a (for *dûppâ), which would represent "molded (thing)" = "tablet/brick". Sumerian *dûp is also recorded for the meaning "heap/pile up, spread out mud to make bricks"

cf. 12229mes(meš₃), kišib black hero; 1231D UM reed (stylus?) stem

cpds:

dubsar [11320x] = scribe [1207E DUB tablet + 122AC SAR write] | True Etym.: English "dub" (to name; give higher standing; replace script / sound)

eduba (e₂-dub) = storehouse; magazine | school (Literature of Ancient Sumer, Jeremy Black, xxiv) True Etym., edu-cation [1208D e₂ house + ~]

gi-dub-ba = reed tablet stylus [12100 GI reed stem + 1207E DUB tablet + 12040 BA divide tool]

How to write on clay

bisag-dub-ba [450x] = archivist [ 120B7 bisag basket + 1207E DUB tablet + 12040 BA divide tool]

dub-bala [31x] = to go over an account [ ~ + 12044 BAL spindle, turn]

nam-dub-sar = [16x] scribe arts / craft [12246 NAM determined order; destiny + ~]

nam-dub-sar-ra-ni = do. [+ verb aux.]

e₂-dub-ba-a = scribe school [1208D e₂ school, house + 1207E DUB tablet + 12040 BA allot, share + 12000 water, progeny]

1207F DUB x ESH2

12080 DUB₂ [186x] = to tremble, make tremble; to push away, down; to smash, abolish

12081 DUG [3196x] dug_x(BI), BI x A = (clay) pot; a unit of liquid capacity | determinative vessels &dug;

12082 DUGUD [124x] = heavy, important

12083 DUH [556x] / DU, DU, du₈ [2369x] = bake, to release, loose, loosen, undo, strip off; to spread out mud to make bricks; to caulk (filler, seal) TU, DU₈, GAB | GABA = breast | cf. 120EE same sign GABA = copy; equal

cpd mu-un-du₈-du₈ = stripped, made naked [1222C name, phallus + 12326 (KALAM = Sumer) + 120EE (/12083) du₈ (GABA) x2 strip off; spread; breast; equal [NB double emphasis on strip / ravage]]

12084 DUN [32x] = to dig

12085 DUN3, GIN₂, TUN₃ = cover | cpd sag-DUN₃ [447x] = land recorder;du₅-mu = apprentice (ES) [after 12309 dumu]

12086 DUN3 gunu | gig₄(gin₂) [18136x] = unit of weight, shekel (see 122BA "SHE"); a unit of area; a unit of volume | gel / kel, aga₃

cpd aga₃-kar₂ [5x] = conqueror [ ~ + uQQ kar₂ insult, blow up, light]

12087 DUN₃ gunu gunu

12088 DUN₄, DUL₄, ŠUDUN₃, ŠUDUL₃, URgunû šešig, MIRšešig = yoke | mir (mer) [347x] = north wind; north; storm

12089 DUR₂ [98x] = backside rump, butt-ocks; defile, cleft[cpd suffix e.g. wooden ledger board] | cf. 121AA

cpd dur₂-bi-še₃ = rump [12089 backside + 12049 BI open + 12365 še₃ string (cf. loincloth)]

1208A E [vowel; 399x] = to speak | perfect plural and imperfect stem of "dug"; princely | interjection marker; fear, aura

1208B E x PAP

1208C E/E NUN/NUN

1208D E₂ [13124x] = house, household; temple; station (of the moon)?; room; house-lot; estate | determinative &e₂; buildings / rooms names

cpd É.GAL = palace [ ~ + 120F2 GAL big]

e-a-ni = temple [ ~ + aux a-ni: "12000 A wonder + 1224C NI timelessness"]

E₂ Variants:

1208E ~ x A + HA + DA; 1208F ~ x GAR; 12090 ~ x MI;

12091 ~ x SAL; 12092 ~ x SHE; 12093 ~ x U

12094 EDIN / EDEN, bir₄ = steppe, open country; back [True Etymology Dictionary: 2000 years before religio Eden myths; note also Eridu] | Subir

12095 EGIR, egir(egir, eger) [393x] = back, rear; after; estate, inheritence; again

12096 EL, SIKIL [457x] = pure | cf. 122DB SI = horn [cuneus + horny = pure]

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

12097 EN [1480x] = lord / master / rulers of (abbrev. for) Sumer | [7739x] = priest

major cpd KI-EN-GI = Sumer [121A0 KI cosmic + 12097 EN lord + 12100 GI {not gir₁₅! see notes}] [ETCSL ex: Poem Išme-Dagan (c.2.5.4.01), line c25401.A.364]

-eb-us₂-en = protection from the rulers of Sumer (your black brothers – Inana & Šukaletuda c133.233) [120F6 be he + 12141 IB oval + 12351 us₂ lean on + 12097 EN rulers of Sumer]

E₂ Variants:

12098 EN x GAN₂ BURU_14, BAR₈, SULLIM | buru₁₄, = [206x] harvest, summer

12099 EN x GAN2 tenu; 1209A EN x ME; 1209B EN +-ing EN;

1209C EN opp EN; 1209D EN sq

1209E EREN [213x] = cedar

1209F ERIN₂, erin₂(erem, eren₂, erim) [2722x] = people, troops | ZALAG₂; PIRIG | giš+érin = scales | érin+meš = troops, military unit | cpd gurum₂ [726x] = inspection, provisions [12146 IGI eye + ~]

120A0 ESH₂(EŠ ~ bà), gir₁₅ [7x! little as used] = native, local | cf. 1222A gi₆[7223x] = black ~ giving ki.en.gi …Seems like some elites (incl those that control Wakipedia!) don"t want to emphasize ki.en.gi = black Sumerians (are smarter because "the reed stylus is mightier than the sword", see 12100 gi) — they use instead non-Sumerian, little used (see notes), Babylonian 120A0 gir subscript number 15 no less, which is really "flour" 12365 zi₃ [7223x!] which such types, incl. University of Pennsylvania"s PSD relegates / obscures in italics as

..

[12401]eš₆ = “3″ [numeric list]

120A1 EZEN (EZEM) [1136x] = festival;walled area?? | IZIN, KEŠDA | šir₃, sir₃ [150x]= sing, song, epic

EZEN Variants:

120A2 ~ x A; 120A3 ~ x A + LAL; 120A4 ~ x A + LAL x LAL; 120A5 ~ x AN

120A6 EZEN x BAD, UG₅, BAD₃ = wall, fortification

120A7 ~ x DUN3 gunu; 120A8 ~ x DUN3 gunu gunu; 120A9 ~ x HA; 120AA ~ x HA gunu; 120AB ~ x IGI gunu; 120AC ~ x KASKAL | sud₅ = purify; 120AD ~ x KASKAL sq; 120AE ~ x KU3; 120AF ~ x LA; 120B0 ~ x LAL x LAL; 120B1 ~ x LI; 120B2 ~ x LU; 120B3 ~ x U2; 120B4 ~ x UD

..120B5 GA = [4425x] suckling (cow), young | ga (ES) [1794x]= to bring / carry | gur₁₁ = heap up | cf.120FC GA = knob, unit measurement

True Etym. – "galaxy" – "gala = milk" – 120B5 GA clearly depicts a cow; also cpd gal₄-la = procreating female parts; also 120F2 GAL big, great

cpd ga-na, gana[25x]= come on! [~ + 1223E NA aux]

120B6 GA gunu

120B7 GA₂ (ga_{2 /} gá), mal, bisag / bisag[704x] (pisan) = basket | [208x] place [#2 behind 120FB 2500x ] | ga₂ (ga₂) [67x] = house | PLM: shallow dish; jaw?? [pregnant??]

GA₂ Variants:

120B8 ~ x A + DA + HA; 120B9 ~ x A + HA;

120BA ~ x A + IGI; 120BB ~ x AB2 tenu + TAB

120BC GA₂ x AN, | ama = [863x] mother (goddess) | [PLM: maternal love - True Etym. cf. Latin ama-re / amor] | ama-lu | AMA-AN-MUŠ₃ | dagal [745x] = (to be) wide / broad; width, breadth

120BD ~ x ASH; 120BE ~ x ASH2 + GAL; 120BF ~ x BAD ; 120C0 ~ x BAR + RA; 120C1 ~ x BUR; 120C2 ~ x BUR + RA; 120C3 ~ x DA; 120C4 ~ x DI; 120C5 ~ x DIM x SHE; 120C6 ~ x DUB; 120C7 ~ x EL; 120C8 ~ x EL + LA; 120C9 ~ x EN; 120CA ~ x EN x GAN2 tenu; 120CB ~ x GAN2 tenu; 120CC ~ x GAR; 120CD ~ x GI; 120CE ~ x GI4; 120CF ~ x GI4 + A; 120D0 ~ x GIR2 + SU; 120D1 ~ x HA + LU + ESH2; 120D2 ~ x HAL; 120D3 ~ x HAL + LA; 120D4 ~ x HI + LI; 120D5 ~ x HUB2; 120D6 ~ x IGI gunu; 120D7 ~ x ISH + HU + ASH; 120D8 ~ x KAK; 120D9 ~ x KASKAL; 120DA ~ x KID; 120DB ~ x KID + LAL; 120DC ~ x KU3 + AN; 120DD ~ x LA; 120DE ~ x ME + EN; 120DF ~ x MI ; 120E0 ~ x NUN

120E1 GA₂ x NUN/NUN = beam | UR₃[282x]= to shut; protection

120E2 GA₂ x PA, SILA₄, GAZI = lamb

120E3 GA₂ x SAL; 120E4 ~ x SAR

120E5 GA₂ x SHE, ESAG₂, = store, warehouse

120E6 GA₂ x SHE + TUR; 120E7 ~ x SHID; 120E8 ~ x SUM; 120E9 ~ x TAK4; 120EA ~ x U; 120EB ~ x UD; 120EC ~ x UD + DU; 120ED ~/~

..

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

120EE GABA, TU, du₈ = [821x] breast, chest; frontier; [proudly display] | copy; equal |[3x] a designation of sheep | cf. 12083 same sign = release; spread

cpds gaba-ri [563x] = copy; equal [ ~ + 12291 RI = lay down]

im-mi-du₈ = proudly display [1214E IM wind, mood, is (copula) + 1222A MI black + 120EE (/12083) du₈ (GABA); spread]

120EF GABA +-ing GABA

120F0 GAD (KAD) [633x] = linen, flax (plant fibre that is made into a thread and woven) cf. MURUB₂

120F1 GAD/GAD GAR/GAR

120F2 GAL [6612x] = big, great

True Etym. – "galaxy" [even if you take the 'gala = milk' line, then we have 120B5 GA (sign clearly depicting a big cow) and cpd gal₄-la = procreating female parts

120F3 GAL GAD/GAD GAR/GAR

120F4 GALAM, SUKUD [227x] = height, altitude

120F5 GAM = down, below | gurum, gur₂ [138x] = to bend, curve, wrap around; to bow; to roll up; to curb, restrain; to watch over | cpd id-gurum(id-gur₂) [2026x] = ladle

120F6 GAN / KAN [12x] = bear young; child-bearing [HO.GAN!] | he₂ ()[8x]= be (it / he / she) | be₂ [52x #2 behind e] = perfect plural and imperfect stem of "dug"

cpdDA-GAN [2x] = totality; assembly; band [12055 DA line (esp genealogy) + ~]

-em = to be [ ~ + 1214E IM to be]

he₂-gal₂[300x] = plenty [ ~ + 12145 gal₂ lay down]

PLM / True Etym. orig. reed jug over a waist with two legs", indicating a "reed jug being carried, "pointed-thing" = "reed" [Jaritz #271] … so can also be interpreted as "carrying/storing a basket-like/womb"; and with this interpretation reads GAN, "bear young"

From this Sumerian GAN / KAN cf. Greek kánna, "reed, cane"… Latin canna, "reed, cane, type of vessel", almost certainly the reverse process took place for the meaning "reed, cane";… the source of canna … "jug"… "pointed-thing-tool" = "(pointed, carrying) jug, amphora", seen in Greek kántharos, "drinking cup" … "jug", seen clearly in Frankish cannada, "jug" … reeds were hollow, and could be used for jugs by merely cutting off a section sealed naturally at the bottom…

cpdul₄-he₂[1x but 7000CT/3000plagio] = firmament, vault of the sky[12109ul₄ early; terror + 120F6 he₂ open]an

120F7 GAN2 / GAN₂, IKU = field, unit of area | determinative &iku; surface measurement

120F8 ~ tenu | kar₂ [55x] = to insult, slander | GAN2tenu- GAN2tenu, kar_2- kar₂ [52x] = to blow; to light up, shine; to rise

120F9 ~/~; 120FA ~ +-ing ~

..

120FB GAR, NINDA [11296x] = bread, pastry, baked, food – determinative ^&ninda; bread / baked items | cf. less common12252 NINDA₂ | gar(gar) [2505x] = place, to put, lay down; to give in place of something, replace; to posit (math.) | nig₂(nig₂) [1641x] = thing, possesion; something | nindan (ninda) [149x] = pole; unit of length; 12 ?? | ŠA₂, | LIMMU = 4 | cf. 122E9

120FC GAR₃ [31x] = knob; a unit of measurement cf 120B5young suckling

120FD GASHAN / GAŠAN = unit of area: one GAŠAN = 10 BÙRU (648000 m²) | Ugunû, BUR₃gunû = lady, mistress

120FE GESHTIN / geštin(geštin) [796x] = vine; wine|GIŠ+DIN; giš.geštin

120FF ~ x KUR

[various] GE | 1230B ge₁₄;12038 ge₁₅, sagtak(santak);12079 ge₃, sagtak₄(santak₄);1203A ge₂₂, santak₂;12039 ge₂₃, santak₃ = stylus cuneus; (piece of) writing, copy, exemplar, written; blow; wound | 122B9 | True Etym.: tack, small nail [sag ~ = 12295 headed (tack)]

12100 GI (ge) = [4900x] reed (stylus), [place of reeds / reed stylus => writing => knowledge => power (KI-EN-GI / Sumer – Tigris Euphrates delta ...see note)], cane, tube | gin₆(gi, gen₆) [924x] = (to be) permanent; to confirm, establish (in legal contexts), verify; (to be) true; a quality designation; medium quality | ke₂ | determinative reed names ^&gi;

^..

Many historians and anthropologists provide strong circumstantial evidence to posit that Iraq"s Ma'dan (Marshland) people share very strong links to the ancient Sumerians – the most ancient inhabitants of southern Iraq… [Waki]

Studies show that Marsh Arabs have a high concentration of Haplogroup J1[mainly North Africa] for males.

See Genetic footprints of Sumerians in Iraq Marshlands (pdf).

Also see lively discussion here.

IAE, the reed stylus did come from the Marshlands:

Major cpds

KI-EN-GI = Sumer [121A0 KI cosmic + 12097 EN lord + 12100 GI {not gir₁₅! see notes}]

[ETCSL ex: Poem Išme-Dagan (c.2.5.4.01), line c25401.A.364]

eme-gi [23x cf ~gir₁₅ 9x] = Sumerian language[12174 EME language + 12100 GI reed / write]

gi-dub-ba = reed tablet stylus [12100 GI reed stem + 1207E DUB tablet + 12040 BA divide tool]

12101 GI x E; 12102 ~ x U

12103 ~ +ing GI| GILIM, gi₁₆ = to lie across; to be entwined [together]; to entwine, twist; rope of twined reeds; to block; (to be) difficult to understand | gel / kel

cpd gi₁₆-il = entwined (high up); foliage, forest

gel-le-eg₃(ES) = (to be) bad, evil; to forsake, forget; to destroy

[ES = emisal – female Sumerian]

12104 GI₄ [1485x] = to turn, return; to go around; to change status; to return (with claims in a legal case); to go back (on an agreement)

cpd im-ma-ši-in-gi₄ = return leering eye [1214E IM mud, storm + 12220 MA approach + 12146 IGI watch + 12154 IN abuse + 12104 gi₄ return]

gi₄-gi₄ = conversation (replies); jewellry; diviner (hidden knowledge)

mu-na-ni-ib-gi₄-gi₄ = reply, advise, to and fro, conversation [1222C MU year, dear, name, son + 1223E NA pestle + 1224C NI comes to pass + 12141 IB oval + ~ x2; ETCSL c133.231]

im-dab₆-gi₄-gi₄ = turning round and round [1214E IM mood, (copula) 1234F dab₆ go around, + 12104 gi₄ x2 turn, go around, return, change status; gi₄ x 2 therefore:'turn round and round' ??]

12105 ~/~; 12106 ~ +-ing ~

12107 GIDIM [45x] = ghost

12108 GIR₂, giš, gír [198x] = knife, dagger, razor, sword | ul₄.gal = sword

12109 ~ gunu | ul₄ [39x] = to hasten, (be) quick; (to be) early | ul₄ [12x] = terror | át=GÍRgunû [syll.]

PLM depicts a "cocoon" => "surround" [Jaritz #11]

1210A GIR₃, | giri3 (giri3) [10822x] = foot; path; via, by means of, under the authority of someone |

cpd huš (hush) [435x] = furious, angry; (to be) reddish, ruddy

1210B ~ x A + IGI; 1210C ~ x GAN2 tenu; 1210D ~ x IGI;

1210E ~ x LU + IGI; 1210F ~ x PA

12110 GISAL | ^gešgisal(^gešgisal) [19x] = rudder, oar; a roof part

12111 GISH, GIŠ, GEŠ = tree, wood | giš.mi / gissu = shade [ ^giš= determinative &jic; before wooden objects]

12112 ~ +-ing ~; 12113 ~ x BAD

12114 ~ x TAK4; 12115 ~ tenu

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

12116 GU [1850x] = cord, net; unretted flax stalks; backside

12117 ~ +-ing ~

12118 GU₂, TIK | gun₂(gu₂) / talent [5551x] = unit of weight (1 mina = 60 shekels. 1 talent = 60 mina); load; yield; rent, tax, tribute | [753x] = (river) bank; side; neck

12119 GU₂ x KAK, DUR = strip

1211A GU₂ x KAK x IGI gunu

1211B ~ x NUN; 1211C ~ x SAL + TUG2; 1211D ~ gunu

1211E GUD [17947x], gu₄ = bull, ox; cattle; calf; lion | determinative ^&gud; cattle names

1211F GUD x A + KUR

12120 GUD x KUR, AM | ^GU₄AM = wild bull | ^UDUAM = wild ram

12121 GUD/GUD LUGAL

12122 GUL [518x], SUN₂ = smite, break, to destroy; to break; to flatten; to carve, cut; to engrave

cf. im-gu-lu-u₈-a-bi = stirred up (to destroy) [1214E IM anger + 12116 GU backside + 121FB LU stirred up + 121C7 U₈ Oh! + 12000 A bemoan + 12049 BI open]

12123 GUM [18x] = to crush | cf. 12252

12124 GUM x SHE. GAZ, GAS = kill, slay

12125 GUR [27945x!] = capacity unit (c.300 litres), measuring vessel | ŠE.GUR.E ??

12126 GUR₇ [14x] = harvest, summer

12127 GURUN = fruit ??

12128 GURUSH / guruš (guruš) [9902x] = male, young adult male; able-bodied worker | cf. 12197 powerful; rare

12129 HA / A | KU₆ = fish

1212A ~ tenu; 1212B ~ gunu

1212C HAL = [55x] divide, deal out, distribute; to perform an extispicy [shaman fortune readings of organs of sacrificed animals]; to open; a secret; to pour away; to sieve; to slink, crawl away; a qualification of grain .. cpd HAL-HA ~ + 12129 fish| stick; disease; crotch

1212D HI [2735x] [pron.throaty h] I (a4), TÍ (dí), I () = mix | dug₃(du₁₀) [1587x] = (to be) good, good thing, goodness, sweet | dub₃ [55x] = knee | cf. hul, hulu [13901x; uQQ] = bad

cpd dug₃-ga = good [ ~ + 120B5 GA suckling, carry]

dub₃-nir = ejaculate [1212D dub₃ knee + nir winnow]

hi(-iz)^sar [18x] = vegetable [ ~ + 122AC ^{SAR determ.} garden]

HI Variants:

1212E HI x ASH

1212F HI x ASH2 (AŠ₂) | ur₅ [1215x] = interest-bearing loan; debt; requital, favour | ur₅ [190x] = he; that, this same; maid, female slave; one; corresponding (to one another); like (one another) | AR₃, KÍN, MUR | AR = ring | UR = thick | UR+SAG = mountain

12130 HI x BAD; 12131 ~ x DISH; 12132 ~ x GAD; 12133 ~ x KIN;

12134 ~ x NUN | A (a e i u);

12135 HI x (SHE)ŠE | dubur = horizon

12136 ~ x U

12137 HU (u), mušen = bird | determinative ^&mucen; after bird names | bird laying egg, see 122DB

12138 HUB2 / UB₂ [3x] = foot | HUBI [7x] = acrobat | left cf 1218F KAB, GAB₂, GUB₃ [CVNE = compound verb nominal element]

12139 HUB2 x AN; 1213A HUB2 x HAL; 1213B HUB2 x KASKAL;

1213C HUB2 x LISH; 1213D HUB2 x UD

..

1213E HUL₂ / UL₂, hul₂ [347x] = joy .. cpd šag₄-hul₂(ša₃-hul₂) [189x] = to be happy [122AE heart + ~]| ukuš₂ [39x] = cucumber

1213F I (vowel) | IA = “5” [five numeric] | [5x] hey!|[PLM]The ultimate basal meaning is "set of eyes"; and from it, the prototypical "pair", which, of course, is wholly arbitrary in view of "two hands/legs, etc.". Its use for "many" is probably an extension of the idea of a naturally occurring "set", regardless of the specific number: here, "five (fingers)"…

cpd i-bi₂[50x behind igi 1082x] = eye, (prob esp) carved eye (for statues)

[1240A] Í, IÁ, IA₂ = 5, 300; 12140 I A

12141 IB = [108x]oval; [0x]profession

12142 IDIM = blocked, heavy, spring (underground water) ??

12143 ~/~ BUR; 12144 ~/~ sq

12145 IG [88x] door| gal_{2 /} gal₂ [3954x]= to be (there, at hand, available); to exist; to put, place [/class ?? cf. mi-iq-tum (miqtum, mi-gal₂-tum) = social class], lay down; to havecf. copula |

cpdim-mi-gal₂ = classified [1214E IM mood, is (copula) + 1222A MI black (high) + 12145 gal₂ place, class]

12146 IGI [1133x], ŠI, LIM = eye, vision, watch, notice; carved eye (for statues) | igi [3906x] = first, earlier; front; face | True Etym.: ig-no-re / ig-no-rant (not know/see) <= ig(i) + 12261 nu no .. IGI is an awesome cuneiform design by an unknown scribe (appearing on tablets over 5000 ya), one of our eReader Top 5, and the sound / reading too, obviously would have caught the eye of plariarists down the millennia; there's also something fishy about our "I" and "eye" (sound and arrangement of letters).

cpds

gurum₂ [726x] = inspection, provisions [ ~ + 1209F ERIN₂ people, troops]

pad₃ (reveal) cpds

pad₃ [2313x] = to find, discover; to name, nominate [~ + 12292 RU fall; throw]

mu-un-pad₃-da = revealed to the people [1222C MU name + 12326 UN (KALAM = Sumer) + ~ + 12055 DA writing board]

ga-ra-pad₃-pad₃ = like threshing grain will be revealed [120B5 GA bring + 1228F RA thresh + cpd pad₃ reveal x2]

ga-mu-ni-in-pad₃ = find (esp revenge) [120B5 GA carry + 1222C MU name + 1224C NI in the end + pad₃ find]

nu-um-ma-ni-in-pad₃-de₃ = in all the lands could not find rapist (of Inana) [12261 NU not + 1231D UM approach, disease + 12220 MA land; approach + 1224C NI in time+ 12154 IN abuse, rape (rapist + pad₃ find + 12248 de₃ carry]

uQQ HUL, HULU [13901x] = bad, to destroy; (to be) bad-smelling, maloderous; (to be) bad, evil; (to be) slight, lightweight; (to be) false; (to be) criminal, dishonest; enemy; to raid; to strike the eyes; blinker

12147 IGI DIB | U₃, Ù [6341x] = and; but; also | LIBIR = sleep, dream

cpd lu₂-u₃ = other; man and [121FD lu₂ man / him + 12147 u₃ and]

12148 IGI RI | ar [syll.]; 12149 ~/~ SHIR/SHIR UD/UD

1214A IGIgunû, SIG₇ = 10000 ; [62x] class of worker; [48x] to pluck hair or wool;(to be) trimmed, pruned

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

1214B IL = to be(come) high

1214C IL x GAN2 tenu

1214D IL₂= [1362x] to raise, carry; (collect); [2x] worker; [0x] tax

1214E IM [680x] = clay, mud; tablet | determinative ^&im; made of clay | tumu, tum₉ [49x] = wind | determinative ^&tum9; winds | [48x] rain, storm (/ steaming anger)- [weather / mood] | [73x] em = to be (is / was) copula variant cf 12228 | ni₂

A curious development from EME [12174 tongue] "voice-emit" = "make a sound" is found in Jaritz #721, which depicts a "sail with rigging" [cf. harbinger for antenna, radio signal] and reads *îm(i) (for *îm(i)); it means "wind, storm-wind"; i.e. "moaning (of the wind), pars pro toto" [a part (taken) for the whole]. Strong support for this analysis is furnished by another meaning attached to this sign: "fear"; this is understandable for "moaning" but not for simply "wind" or "storm(-wind)". "Moaning" has attracted the reading ni₂ [1224E] "be afraid", "fear", which represents "snivel-stative-like" = "sniveling" = "fear".

cpd im-ma-ni-in-su-ub = kissing [1214E IM storm + 12220 MA flow + 1224C NI quiver + 122E2 SU submerge, flesh + 12312 UB praise, ruin]

im-te-a-ni = himself / herself

1214F IM x TAK4 | kid₇ [6x] = cut; break off; pinch off; scratch; demolish | cf. uQQ kid₂= [1.] do., ~ [4.]

12150 ~ +-ing ~;

12151 ~ opp ~ [??1224E ni₂]; 12152 ~ sq

12153 IMIN [31x] = “7″ (5+2) [seven numeric]

12154 IN [31x] = abuse, rape | gir₁₂

cpd hazin (^urudha-zi-in/ ^urudaha-zi-in) [128x] = axe [determ 1234F + 12129 HA fish + 12363 ZI raise + ~] See Nergal"s Axe c573.4

12155 IR, GAGgunû = plead, ask; divinate; perfume ?? | DIG = soft [6x] | cf. 1224C NI oil

12156 ISH (iš) [15x] = mountain; summer | kuš₇(šuš₃) [1587x]= high official, bureaucrat, civil servant

12157 KA (gù) | KAG₂ [1329x] = mouth | du₁₁, dug₄ [3878x]=speak- to speak, talk, say; to order; to do, perform [cpd: 12351 + dug₄ = coition]; to negotiate| gu₃, kir₄ | inim (enim)[1329x] = word; matter (of affairs), thing | zú / zu₂ = tooth; chew | kiri = nose

cpd dug₄-ga-gu₁₀ = coition [12157 dug4 / KA = perform + 120B5 ga suckling, carry + 1222C gu₁₀ (MU) phallus, dear, name, son, year]

dug₄-ga-ni = coition

zu₂-kešda = compiler, organizer [12157 zu₂ cutting edge + 1219F kešda bind, organize]

"...The compiler of the tablets is Enheduana. My king, something has been created that no one has created before." etcsl.orinst.ox...c4801.543

KA Variants:

12158 KA x A, nag / nag [400x]= to drink

12159 KA x AD; 1215A ~ x AD + KU3; 1215B ~ x ASH2; 1215C ~ x BAD |uš₁₁ = poison [OB]; 1215D ~ x BALAG | šeg_{11 [OB]}; 1215E ~ x BAR; 1215F ~ x BI;

12160 ~ x ERIN2 | syll.: mè | cf. 12128 copula, me₃ = battle

12161 ~ x ESH2; 12162 ~ x GA | sub [11x #2 behind su-ub] = suck; rub; 12163 ~ x GAL

12164 KA x GAN2 tenu | PÙ / pu₃ (bù) [21x] = mouth

12165 KA x GAR, GU₇ [1672x] (KU₂)= to eat

PLM:

12166 ~ x GAR + SHA3 + A; 12167 ~ x GI; 12168 ~ x GIR2; 12169 ~ x GISH + SAR; 1216A ~ x GISH +-ing GISH; 1216B ~ x GU; 1216C ~ x GUR7; 1216D ~ x IGI

1216E KA x IM, BUN₂ = thunder, thunderstorm

1216F KA x KAK, KIR₁₄ = nose

12170 ~ x KI; 12171 ~ x KID; 12172 ~ x LI; 12173 ~ x LU

12174 KA x ME [mouth x 12228ME to be] | EME [178x] = tongue, language [cf. True Etym. eme => phon-eme]

cpdeme-gi [23x cf ~gir₁₅ 9x] = Sumerian language [12174 EME language + 12100 GI reed / write]

..

12175 ~ x ME + DU; 12176 ~ x ME + GI; 12177 ~ x ME + TE;

12178 ~ x MI; 12179 ~ x MI + NUNUZ; 1217A ~ x NE

1217B KA x NUN, NUNDUM } = lip, rim | SU₆ = bread

1217C ~ x PI; 1217D ~ x RU; 1217E ~ x SA; 1217F ~ x SAR; 12180 ~ x SHA; 12181 ~ x SHE; 12182 ~ x SHID; 12183 ~ x SHU; 12184 ~ x SIG; 12185 ~ x SUHUR; 12186 ~ x TAR; 12187 ~ x U; 12188 ~ x U2; 12189 ~ x UD; 1218A ~ x UMUM x PA; 1218B ~ x USH; 1218C ~ x ZI

..

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

1218D KA₂, kan₄ [436x] = gate, door | cf. 1208D E₂ house

1218E KA₂ +-ing KA₂

1218F KAB, GAB₂, GUB₃, UB₂ = left | cf. 12138

12190 kad₂ = qqq | “other letter” ?? | cf. 120FO KAD / GAD linen, flax; 122D9 šuš₂ cover

12191 kad₃ sed_x = qqq | “other letter” ?? |

12192 kad₄ = [1x!]fish; [9x] tie | peš₅(pesh₅)[53x] = innards; to breathe; grandson; descendant; to give birth (to); (to be) pregnant; pregnancy; to gather; (to be) thick; (to be) wide | also uQQ peš [67x]

12193 KAD, kad₅ = [10x] to tie, gather; to itch, scratch; to weave a mat | banšur₃ (banshur)= table ??

12194 KAD5/KAD5

12195 KAK, gag [126x] = arrowhead; peg, nail | DU, DU₃ [cpd 12351 + ~ = coition], RU₂ [7061x] | GAG (dù) = to build, make do, perform

cpd -kak[2x] = cuneus; triangle[12295 sag head + ~ ]

12196 KAK x IGI gunu

12197 KAL, kalag = [102x] (to be) strong, powerful, mighty; to reinforce; to provide for .. cpds kal-ga [2280x] ; kal-la [11x] | kal [389x] = (to be) rare, valuable | cf. 12128young male

12198 ~ x BAD; 12199 ~ +-ing ~

1219A KAM2, kám = prob. "th" e.g. 15^th day… [ordinal marker; can't find in PSD et al – see waste of time below – penalty for not following most important rule of 'Scribe School'] cf. “5″ | change, desire ??

blood, semen, pus, blister and pustule A.1. diš na ta-at-ti-kám ša kàš gig |

^girNin-urta-kám Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Cuneiform Documents ed RH Sack:

UD. 15.KAM MU .[8].KAM

day. 15. ?? year .[8]. ??

15th day, [8th] year of

UD=day; MU = year

Therefore, all this bloody trouble just to find that

KAM₂ is an ordinal marker (glyph/gloss) i.e. = "th"!!!

1219B KAM4 | zubi [6x] = watercourse, canal, irrigation

[120F8] kar₂ [55x] = to insult, slander | GAN2tenu- GAN2tenu, kar_2- kar₂ [52x] = to blow; to light up, shine; to rise

1219C KASKAL [705x], KAS, RAŠ = way, road; journey, caravan | DANNA = mile [distance]

1219D ~ LAGAB x U/LAGAB x U; 1219E ~/~ LAGAB x U/LAGAB x U

1219F KESH2 / keš₂ (kešda) [853x] = to bind; gather; organize; assemble; compile => {computer tablet 5000 years later - and kešda looks like the first computer mainframe, brought by aliens of course!}

zu₂-kešda = compiler, organizer [12157 zu₂ cutting edge + ~ ]

121A0 KI (gi₅) [32379xxx!] = cosmic (under)world (cf ABZU) earth, land, place, ground, toward, country, lower, down below | determinative ^&ki; after place names |

ki-gu₁₀-še₃ = designated place [121A0 KI place + 1222C MU name, son + 12365 še₃ string]

121A1 KI x BAD; 121A2 KI x U; 121A3 KI x UD

121A4 KID, lil₂, ge₂ (gé), ke₄ = open field, steppe | ^gikid [509x] = (reed) mat | lil₂ [92x] = wind; ghost; female demon, Lilitu / Lilith of "Bilgames (Gilgamesh) and the Netherworld"

121A5 KIN = work, procedure; sickle | GUR₁₀ [470x] = to reap

121A6 KISAL [204x] = courtyard

121A7 KISH / KIŠ [14x] = totality, world

121A8 KISIM₅ = sour milk [2x][common compound aux. cf12016 AB₂ cow]

121A9 ~/~

121AA KU = backside | DAB₅ [8723x] = to seize, take, hold; to bind; to envelop, overwhelm; to choose (by extispicy); to accept; to take charge of | TUKUL, TUŠ = sit, seated | cf. 12089

121AB KU/HI x ASH2 KU/HI x ASH2

121AC KU₃, kug [1342x] = (to be) pure; [3875x] = metal, silver; (to be) bright, shiny | kug+an ~ azag = demon | kug+gi ~ guškin = gold | ~ + BABBAR = silver

cpdkug-ga-na = pure [121AC KUG pure + 120B5 suckling, carry +1223E NA man, pestle, pounder]

121AD KU₄, kur₉ [1489x] = to enter

121AE KU4

[122FB] KUD, ku5 [1111x] = to break off, deduct; to separate, cut off; to cut; to incise; to decide; to make clear

[12129]KU₆ = (fresh) fish | ^ku₆= determinative ^&ku6; after names of fish

121AF KU7 / KU₇ [65x]= (to be) good; (to be ) (honey-)sweet | KUD

121B0 KUL [59x] = to run | NUMUN [1219x] = seed cf. 12044 BAL spindle

cpd šag_4-bala(ša₃-bal)[1016x] = procreate, to produce offspring [122AE šag₄ heart + ~]

121B1 KUL gunu

121B2 KUN [225x] = tail; canal outlet

121B3 KUR [2494x] = mountain(s), land, country; underworld; east; easterner; east wind | determinative ^&kur; before mountains / countries

cpd kur-kur-ra = mountains; lands [ ~ + 1228F RA aux.]

121B4 KUR opp KUR

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

121B5 KUSHU2 / KUŠU₂ = a paste; phlegm, mucus, sputum; foam, scum, cum; saliva, spittle; poison | creature, [12x] crab [the crabs!] [cuneus]

uQQ KUSHU / KUŠU, kuš₂ [149x] = tired, troubled

121B6 KWU318 = grass

121B7 LA [65x] = bending over (backside); show, display; press; hang; supervise, check | [66x] a stand

PLM bend, carry, press together, crease together, pinch [of buttocks]…practice pederasty, take advantage of a woman through anal intercourse cf. Sukaletuda"s rape of Inana L118 [Jaritz #968]; also Proto-Sumerian Halloran.

cpd lalamu | cf. 121F2 la₂ | cpd gal₄-la = cuneus (from behind)

121B8 LAGAB| nigin₂ [214x] = encircle, go around | [116x] block, stump | GUR4 (KUR4) [133x] = thick, big, feel big | KILIB [256x] = total | LUGUD ₂ = short, tight | gir₈(kir₃) [2x!] = to break / pinch off | cpd mu-un-nigin₂-na-ta = to roam around – see MUGSAR 4-Way – Inana112a

LAGAB Variants:

121B9 LAGAB x A | SUG, AMBAR = swamp, marsh (encircled water) i.e. NÍGINxA = AMBAR | BUGIN, BUNIN

121BA ~ x A + DA + HA; 121BB ~ x A + GAR; 121BC ~ x A + LAL;

121BD ~ x AL; 121BE ~ x AN; 121BF ~ x ASH ZIDA tenu

121C0 LAGAB x BAD, GIGIR = cart

121C1 ~ x BI; 121C2 ~ x DAR; 121C3 ~ x EN; 121C4 ~ x GA; 121C5 ~ x GAR; 121C6 ~ x GUD;

121C7 ~ x GUD + GUD | u₈ [4425x] = sheep, ewe; Oh!, (a soothing expression) | cpd nu-u₈-gig = priestess, high status woman, goddess / Inana

121C8 ~ x HA;

121C9 ~ x HAL | engur [45x] = (cosmic) waters [cf ABZU = abyss; Ur-Engur aka Ur-Nammu / Ur-Namma / Ur-Gur]

121CA ~ x HI x NUN; 121CB ~ x IGI gunu; 121CC ~ x IM; 121CD ~ x IM + HA; 121CE ~ x IM + LU; 121CF ~ x KI; 121D0 ~ x KIN; 121D1 ~ x KU3; 121D2 ~ x KUL; 121D3 ~ x KUL + HI + A; 121D4 ~ x ~ ; 121D5 ~ x LISH; 121D6~ x LU; 121D7 ~ x LUL; 121D8 ~ x ME; 121D9 ~ x ME + EN; 121DA ~ x MUSH; 121DB ~ x NE; 121DC ~ x SHE + SUM; 121DD ~ x SHITA + GISH + ERIN2; 121DE ~ x SHITA + GISH tenu; 121DF ~ x SHU2; 121E0 ~ x SHU2 + SHU2; 121E1 ~ x SUM; 121E2 ~ x TAG; 121E3 ~ x TAK4; 121E4 ~ x TE + A + SU + NA

121E5 LAGAB x U | NÍGINxBÙR (U) = pú (pu₂) [95x] = waterwell / hole, pit; depth (encircled area+hole) lower course, footing; cistern; fish pond; source (of river) | TÚL = source ?? | GÍGIR = wagon??

121E6 ~ x U + A; 121E7 ~ x U + U + U; 121E8 ~ x U2 + ASH;

121E9 ~ x UD; 121EA ~ x USH; 121EB ~ sq

cf. cpd SIPAD, sipa [2463x] = shepherd

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

121EC LAGAR [21x] = sharman, priest / priestess

121ED ~ x SHE; 121EE ~ x SHE + SUM;

121EF ~ gunu; 121F0 ~ gunu/~ gunu SHE

121F1 LAHSHU qqq | cf. 122E4 pull | lahhušu [0x] = pot ; 12263NUN | 122C3silag 0x body part

121F2 LAL, LA₂ [9977x] = (to be) small, little; minus sign; (to be) insignificant, low-value; dimunition

121F3 LAL x LAL

121F4 LAM [47x] = to flourish; to make grow luxuriantly

121F5 ~ x KUR; 121F6 ~ x KUR + RU

121F7 LI / LE, gub₂ [4x] = to bathe, wash; [49x] branch, twig (juniper shrub); pure

121F8 LIL [8x] = fool, idiot | lú+lil

121F9 LIMMU₂[1759x] = 4 ["4" four numeric; 11x]

121FA LISH / LIŠ, DILIM₂, DILI₂ [28x] = spoon, balance pan, bowl

121FB LU | udu [28818xxx!] = sheep; [185x] (to be) abundant, to heap up; [130x] to disturb, stir up; to cover completely; to mix | DIB, DAB = grasp | [cf 12073 ] | determinative ^&udu; sheep / goats

cpd sipad (sipa) [2463x] = shepherd [1227A PA overseer + 121FB UDU sheep]

121FC LU x BAD

121FD LU₂ [12429xxx!] = man (him); ruler [alien spaceships!]; person; who(m), which; (s)he who, that which; of; | determinative ^&lu2; before male stuff

LU₂ Variants:

121FE ~ x AL ; 121FF ~ x BAD; 12200 ~ x ESH2; 12201 ~ x ESH2 tenu;

12202 ~ x GAN2 tenu | šaga (šaga) [6x] =a wronged person; (to be) slain; (to be) afflicted, oppressed

12203 ~ x HI x BAD; 12204 ~ x IM; 12205 ~ x KAD2; 12206 ~ x KAD3; 12207 ~ x KAD3 + ASH; 12208 ~ x KI; 12209 ~ x LA + ASH; 1220A ~ x LAGAB; 1220B ~ x ME + EN; 1220C ~ x NE; 1220D ~ x NU; 1220E ~ x SI + ASH; 1220F ~ x SIK2 + BU; 12210 ~ x TUG2; 12211 ~ tenu ; 12212 ~ +-ing ~; 12213 ~ opp ~; 12214 ~ sq; 12215 ~ sheshig

..

12216 LU₃ [18x] = to disturb, stir up; to cover completely; to mix

12217 LUGAL [24522xxx!] = king [The "King of the Earthlings" rides around in a spaceship man!]

True Etym.: 12217 LUGAL is made from 121FD LU₂ man + 120F2 GAL big => big man => king (sometimes scribes reverse signs – see Foxvog) cf. Latin leg-is; and lu/ru interchangeability => rugal => English "regal", Latin regalis

LUGAL Variants:

12218 ~/~; 12219 ~ opp ~; 1221A ~ sheshig

1221B LUH, LU, LA₃, SUKKAL [3469x] = secretary, civil servant, bureaucrat, official | luh [164x] = to clean, wash

1221C LUL [133x] = false, criminal | NAR = song / musician ??

1221D LUM [107x] = (to be) full, replete, satisfied (with); (to be) grown (tall); to fruit; (to be) fructified; to shine

1221E LUM/LUM; 1221F LUM/LUM GAR/GAR

12220 MA = [169x] (come in to) land (like bird; fly in), approach; go, flow (phallus, come), fig tree, house [?? secondary in each]

12221 MA x TAK4

12222 MA, _{gunu / gunû}, AŠUR / HASHHUR = apple (tree)

12223 MA2 / MA₂ [5559x]= ship, boat

12224 MAH / MA [3271x] = to be great, exalted

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

12225 MAR = [13x]smear – True Etym.: mar; [8x] louse, worm, parasite; [5x] winnow

12226 MASH / maš [726x] = goat | maš [1452x] = interest (on a loan); an irrigation tax | half; LÚ+MÁŠDA = poor man | MAŠ.EN.GAG = palace dependant | MAŠD+TAB+BA = twin cf. 12047

12227 MASH₂ / maš₂ [10699xx] = goat; extispicy – sacrificial animal for omens | family, relative | MAŠ₂+GAL = buck, billygoat

12228 ME, àm [2860x] = I am, to be (is / was) | [750x] being, divine properties enabling cosmic activity; rite; office [copula | True Etymology: i.men cf. I am | IŠIB = 100; set, take | uQQ MEŠ / mesh = plural marker

[PLM]Jaritz #889 depicts a "short vertical line abutting a longer horizontal line at its midpoint". It means "speak, call, tongue, middle, converse". Graphic convention designed to bring out the idea of "middle", the position associated in early thinking with the placement of the tongue in the mouth. Somewhat surprisingly, this simple element has been identified for PIE as *me, "in the middle, into the middle". *me is not regarded as meaning "tongue"; that meaning has been taken by a derivation from it, eme (for *îmî) [12174] another reading of the same sign, which represents "teeth-middle" = "tongue". This compound can be found in PIE with *empi-, "mosquito", an animal that definitely deserves to be named for its tongue.

uQQ me₃ [243x]= battle, combat cf. 12228 copula

12229 MES, meš₃ [56x] black [Gilgamesh was black! nextdoor on list to 1222A MI / gig2 main black]; [29x] = hero; (to be) manly; young man cf. Enki and the world order c113.221, Ninurta"s exploits c162.310, Samsu-iluna & Inana c2831.15 [NB computerized transl no ordinary 'tree' more like 'hero']) | mes (^gešmes, meš₃) [81x]= tree| kišib (-la₂) [36x] = cylinder seal, sealed tablet; kišib-rah₂ .. with aux. = to seal

cf. 1231D[less vertical ge than 12229] UM reed (stylus?) stem + 4 var;

1207E DUB tablet | kišib₃ [17468x] = cylinder seal, sealed tablet

..

cpd BIL.GA.MEŠ (Sumerian: Bilgamesh; Akkad.: Gilgamesh) black hero of oldest written epic (quest for immortality) [1224B BIL₂ burnt + 120B5 GA young (bull) + 12229 mes (meš₃) black hero (next on the sign list is the more common black sign 1222A MI) ; and 1207E dub able to write = power connotation)]

..

1222A MI [<=cun-sign | Sumerian=>] ge_6, giggi (ge₆), gi_6, gi_6, gig₂ [941x] = to be black, night | ge/gi same as 12100 reed stylus => writing => knowledge => power = black | upper / high (class) cf. mi-iq-tum (miqtum, mi-al2-tum) = social class

cf. dome of night sky – cpd ul₄-he₂ firmament, vault of sky

[12109 terror + 120F6 boundless]

..

Sumerians called themselves black people ùg₃-sag-gíg₂-ga[12326 ùg₃ people (KALAM Sumer) + 12295 sag head + 1222A gíg₂ black + 120B5 ga carry / aux.]see tablet examples; not just black plebs either, the "First professors are BLACK!" um-mi-a = scholar, expert, craftsman [scholar 1231D UM reed stem (stylus/writing symbol, 1207E tablet var) + 1222AMI black + 12000 progeny]

..

And even Gilgamesh is black, see previous entry 12229

..

cpd GIG = 1222A black + 1226D beads = gig[313x] = sick, troublesome | (nugig) nu-u8-gig = [black Sumerian woman =] priestess, high status woman, goddess / Inana

1222B MIN [959x] = 2 ["2" two numeric; cf. horiz var122F00x as MIN 2, but as TAB 122F0 double, repeat, partner 740x]

1222C MU = [43667xxx!] year | mu = [2994x] name; line of text; son | MUALDIM / muhaldim[2185x] =cook | mu (ES) = phallus | gu₁₀ = "dear one" suffix / honorific | determinative ^&mu; before words for items made of wood (Emesal)

cpdzag-mu [180x] = new year; beginning of cycle [12360 ZAG boundary + ~]

1222D MU/MU | ta / tah (dah) [274x]= to add, increase

1222E MUG [162x] = wool [pubic ?? next to MU phallus]; to hew out, hollow out; to engrave

cpd^tug_2-mug[179x] = a kind of garment [determ 12306 tug₂ garment + ~]

1222F MUGgunu, zadim; za-dim₂ [128x] = stone-cutter; bow-maker

12230 MUNSUB [5x] = hair, barber

12231 MURGU2, egir₆(MURGU₂)(egir₆) = [10x] back, estate, inheritance | mur₇ [0x] = excrement / shit

12232 MUSH (MUŠ) [192x] = snake

12233 ~ x A; 12234 ~ x KUR; 12235 ~ x ZA

12236 MUSH / MUSH (MUŠ) RI₈ = snake

12237 ~/~ x A + NA; 12238 ~ +-ing MUSH

12239 MUSH₃ / MUŠ₃ = [107x] face, appearance; [81x] flat space, holy area; [3x] curdle | sed₆ (šed₁₂) [11x #3 behind sed₄] = cold; winter .. cpdsed₄(še₁₇, šed₁₀)[34x; ~ + 12072 well-being] |MUŠ₃ INANNA, INNIN = goddess | 1202D AN+ MUŠ_{3 =} ^dinana / Inana

1223A MUSH₃ / MUŠ₃ x A | se₂₄, sed₃, še₁₂, šed₉ = winter, hibernate, rest, be content

1223B ~ x A + DI; 1223C ~ x DI; 1223D ~gunu

1223E NA, nigna = [114x] incense (burner); man; [32x] stone; pestle, pounder

cpd ma-na / mina [9459x] = unit of weight; 1 mina = 60 shekels, 1 talent = 60 mina [3600 shekels]

1223F NA₂, NU₂[419x]= to lie down (of people); to lay down; to be ill;bed | NUD | cf. 12029 icon

cpd ba-na₂ = 12040 BA split, open + ~

12240 NAGA, naga [2521x] = potash (potassium compound often used in agriculture); soap | NAG₂, NISABA₂ = tornado

cpd DINGIR.NAGA.ZAG.SAL,^dnisaba za₃-mi₂ = Nisaba praised [ 1202D AN god + 12240 NAGA + 12360 za₃ + 122A9mi₂ cuneus]

12241 ~ INVERTED; 12242 ~ x SHU tenu; 12243 ~ opp ~

12244 NAGAR [666x] = carpenter

12245 NAM, nutillu | buru₅ = [4x] locust

12246 NAM = [567x] determined order; will, testament; fate, destiny | bir₅ [35x incl 12 ED IIIa] = locust | sin₂ = district | sim = [var < 16x] smell, sniff, filter, swallow | nam-tar = destiny | nam-ra = booty, spoils, captive

cpdnam-mah = NAMMAH, earliest known mathematician, see 122B9 [ ~ + 12224 mah great]

12247 NAM₂ = prefix lord / official; thought, planning ??

12248 NE, (bí / bi₂) | de₃ [25x] bring / carry (collect) | (še₆, šeg₆) [261x] = to cook; to dry a field | izi = [257x] fire (pottery), brazier | kum₂ [78x] = (to be) hot | bi₂ in compounds | nen, ne, ne-en, ne-e [101x] = this, these | bil [7x] = burn

Jaritz #339 burning torch

cpds:

NE-A = refine [ ~ + 12000 A water]

il₂-i-de₃ = collect firewood [1214D il₂ carry + 1213F I "5" + 12248 de₃ collect]

NE-SU-UB = to be on fire, kissing [ ~ + 122E2 SU submerge, flesh + 12312 UB praise, ruin]

12249 NE x A | eš₁₃ [0x] = (to be) cold | cf. 12239 sed₄cold; winter

1224A NE x UD

1224B NE _{sheshig / šešig}, BIL₂ | gibil [671x] = new, renew; firewood | bil₂ [43x] = burn / burnt

cpd BIL.GA.MEŠ (Sumerian: Bilgamesh [cf. Billjim!]; Akkad.: Gilgamesh) black hero of oldest written epic [1224B BIL₂ burnt + 120B5 GA young (bull) + 12229 mes(meš) black hero]

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

1224C NI <= cun-sign | Sumerian => Ì / i_3, IÀ / ia₃, I, lí /li₂| (syll.: bè, lé, lí, né) i₃ =[8654x] oil; butter; container for oil vegetable oil, fat | ZAL [2798x] = to pass time; to get up early; to finish, come to an end (come to pass); to dissolve, melt, disintegrate, break down, collapse; to quake; sexual aura / connotation | cpd na_{4 [527x]} = stone; stone weight | determinative ^&na4; stones | cf. 12155 IR ask; perfume

1224D NI x E

1224E NI₂, | ni₂ [370x] = self | ni₂ [322x] = fear, aura | cf. 1214E im = clay, mud; tablet; copula | TU₁₅ = wind cf. ^dIŠKUR storm god

cpd ni₂-bi-a = itself / themselves / all together (1224E ni₂ + 12049 BI + 12000 A)

[ETCSL:ni2=self | ni2-bi=itself / themselves | ni2-gu10=myself | ni2-te-a-ni=himself / herself | ni2-zu=yourself ]

uQQNÍG, šá [syllabary]

1224F NIM = [79x] fly, insect, buzz; [31x] (to be) high, elevated; (to be) early; easterner; suffix plant | _, dih₃[132x]= thorny weed | NIN+LAL₃ = bee| NUM | KUR | ELAM^KI = Elam

12250 NIM x GAN2 tenu | tum₃ [144x] = bring

12251 NIM x GAR + GAN2 tenu

12252 NINDA₂ = [39x] seed-funnel [cf. hand-scoop Jaritz #347 see 12258 below]; fish ??; breeding bull | INDA = [0x!] bread, food | cf. much more common 120FB NINDA [11296x]

NINDA₂ Variants

12253 ~ x AN, ŠAM₃ = buy, price ; 12254 ~ x ASH; 12255 ~ x ASH + ASH;

12256 ~ x GUD ; 12257 ~ x ME + GAN2 tenu

12258 NINDA₂ x NE, RAM, AG₂ / AG₂ (ám) = darling; ag₂ [88x #2 behind 120FB nig₂ 1542x] thing, possession; measure ??

Jaritz #362 a combination sign which, rather incongruously, depicts a ”hand-scoop" (#347) enclosing #339 [12248 NE] burning torch, signifying the "heat of passionate love" [encapsulated fire].

cpd ki-ag₂(ki-ag₂) [666x] = to love[121A0 KI cosmic world + 12258 ag₂ heat of passionate love]

12259 ~ x NUN

1225A NINDA₂ x SHE / ŠE, ŠAM₂(NINDA₂x ŠE + A AN variants) = price

1225B ~ x SHE + A AN; 1225C ~ x SHE + ASH; 1225D ~ x SHE + ASH + ASH;

1225E ~ x U2 + ASH; 1225F ~ x USH

..

12260 NISAG, MURU₂, MURUB₄ [44x] = middle; cuneus | cf. 12319 murub₆(muru_{13) ;} murub₂; backside, rump; knob; mouth; gate (of city or large building); space between, distance; link; hips | ITIgunû

12261 NU [785x] = not (negation: “no”, negative); without, un-; genitals; sperm; offspring | NU-GAL₂ = nonexistent | NU-TIL = incomplete | True Etym. nu => no

12262 NU₁₁ | gešnu (gešnu) [3x] = light | duri [0x] = male; to be virile

12263 NUN = [1x!] guidance (eridu) | [656x] prince; (as attribute) foremost, best | lard | NUN KI = Eridu

NUN Variants

12264 ~ LAGAR x GAR; 12265 ~ LAGAR x MASH; 12266 ~ LAGAR x SAL;

12267 ~ LAGAR x SAL/~ LAGAR x SAL; 12268 ~ LAGAR x USH; 12269 ~ tenu

1226A NUN/NUN, NIR = NIR.GAL₂ = strong, powerful

1226B ~ +-ing ~; 1226C ~ +-ing ~ LAGAR/LAGAR

1226D NUNUZ [109x], ERIN₂, RÍN = egg (shape), bead, pearl ??

NUNUZ (so eggs + cow 12016 / sour milk 121A8 = produce farm) Variants:

1226E ~ AB2 x ASHGAB; 1226F ~ AB2 x BI; 12270 ~ AB2 x DUG; 12271 ~ AB2 x GUD ; 12272 ~ AB2 x IGI gunu; 12273 ~ AB2 x KAD3;

12274 ~ AB2 x LA | latan (lahtan) [19x] = beer vat

12275 ~ AB2 x NE; 12276 ~ AB2 x SILA3; 12277 ~ AB2 x U2; 12278 ~ KISIM5 x BI; 12279 ~ KISIM5 x BI U

..

1227A PA | ugula = [9794x] foreman, overseer | bá [293x]= wing; branch, frond | gidru / gidri = [129x] sceptre | sìg = to beat | garza = office | SIG hit e.g. cpd SIG-UZU ~ TUD beat whip

1227B PAD, ŠUK /SHUK, šukur₂/shukur₂(šuk, šuku) = [1335x] food allocation, ration | [56x] to break (into bits); pierce

1227C PAN, tir₅[63x]= bow; geometric figure {PSD} | cf bow-maker, PANA = bow, arrow

1227D PAP, KUR₂ [607x] = unit of capacity based on a vessel size; PAP = [86x] relation; first and foremost, pre-eminent; father; male, virile; brother | PAB = protect | PA₅ = canal | cpd DIM [13x] = to check; to approach

1227E PESH2 / PEŠ₂, PIŠ₂ [55x] = mouse

1227F PI (bì) [269x] tal₂, | geshtu / geštu, geshtug / geštug = ear, hear, reason, intelligence, wisdom, understanding

PI Variants:

12280 ~ x A; 12281 ~ x AB; 12282 ~ x BI; 12283 ~ x BU; 12284 ~ x E; 12285 ~ x I; 12286 ~ x IB; 12287 ~ x U; 12288 ~ x U2; 12289 ~ +-ing PI

..

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

1228A PIRIG (PIRIG) [198x]= lion

1228B PIRIG (PIRIG) x KAL, NIB = leopard

1228C PIRIG (PIRIG) x UD, UG = tiger

1228D PIRIG (PIRIG) x ZA, AZ, AS = bear

1228E PIRIG (PIRIG) opp PIRIG

1228F RA, rah₂[597x] = to beat, kill; to break, crush; to flood; to thresh (grain with a flail) | aux. ~ -ra | see also notes on evolution [PLM (Patrick Ryan '2008)]: – wheel rim with four spokes over curled horn suggests "back" over "tall"; also "stir"; emphasizes flood

cpd im-ta-e₃-a-ra = sunrise [1214E IM mood + 122EB TA much + cpd UD-DU sunrise + 12000 A bemoan + 1228F RA beat thresh]

12290 RAB, raba [37x] = clamp; neck stock; hoop ??

12291 RI = [475x]to lay down, cast, place; to set in place, imbue; to lean on; to impose; to throw down; to release, let go; to walk along; to pour out; to lead away | re [130x] = “that” | auxiliary verb, sar-ri / sar-re 122AC |distant | cf. 12137

12292 RU, shub / šub [495x] = fall, defeat; throw (boomerang)

12293 SA = braided, string, net, sinew, muscle | determinative ^&sa; before braided items

12294 SAG, , nutillu = head [rare, always 12295]

sag Variants:

12295 SAG, (pron. sang), SUR₁₄ [3582x ]= head; person / people; capital

cpd /sag-ga₂ = head basket [12295 sag head + 120B7 ga2 basket]

12296 ~ x A; 12297 ~ x DU; 12298 ~ x DUB; 12299 ~ x HA; 1229A ~ x KAK; 1229B ~ x KUR; 1229C ~ x LUM; 1229D ~ x MI; 1229E ~ x NUN; 1229F ~ x SAL; 122A0 ~ x SHID; 122A1 ~ x TAB; 122A2 ~ x U2; 122A3 ~ x UB; 122A4 ~ x UM; 122A5 ~ x UR; 122A6 ~ x USH; 122A7 ~/~; 122A8 ~ gunu

..

122A9 SAL, mug, gal₄ (gala), murub (muru₁₃), munus [3079x] = cuneus apotheosis of woman, goddess, matriarch, queen | mi₂ = [13x - all ED IIIb] praise; CVNE | determinative before female names ^&f;

The scribes who invented writing 5000 years ago clearly had no inhibitions about the basis for the design of their cuneiform, nor should we bowdlerize [etym.: Thomas Bowdler expurgated William Shakespeare (aka Edward de Vere) '1822] for hypocritical luddites / puritans who are still happy to plagiarize the technology revolution started by the Sumerians, and it may well have been the inspiration for the whole style ~ cunei.form = cuneus writing.

Scratching and dragging a pointed stylus would not have been near as effective and enduring for us to be able to read now. And it can be no coincidence that the Sumerian apotheosis of "woman" has come down to us as the first letter of vagina.

Germaine Greer says it"s a powerful symbol – BBC Balderdash and Piffle "2007 (see Youtube; also here). Unfortunately none are aware of the very first significance bestowed by the Sumerians.

Enheduanna – earliest known author and poet was female

And not only were the first scholars black, the earliest known author and poet was female (and most likely black), Enheduanna 7715-7750CT (2285-2250 plag) … Westenholz edited a fragmentary hymn dedicated to Enheduanna indicating her apotheosis… [Wik]; she was totally lost to history until her tablets were unearthed in "1926 [Nisaba] by Leonard Woolley [born '1880 in 13 Southwold Road just around the corner from King's Place (now BSix College Brooke House - East London Hackney-Stratford where the '2012 Olympics Games were held) where Edward de Vere wrote 'Shake-speares Sonnets' - only because he was setup by another forgotten proto-feminist, 2nd wife Elizabeth Trentham]; she represented a strong and creative personality, an educated woman, and one who fulfilled diverse roles in a complex society, not unlike women"s aspirations today…[Jane Roberts]; “My goddess gave birth to your god” … Assyriologist William Hallo referred to her as “The Sumerian Shakespeare”. But given that she preceded Shakespeare by several thousand years, it might be more apt to dub the bard “The English Enheduanna” [Kristin Agudelo's notablewomen]; or “Enheduanna of Tudor Literature” [chickhistory]; ironically also lost to history is Susan de Vere, Shakespeare"s Daughter and Producer of the First Folio.

..

cpds:

emi (e₂-mi₂) [219x] = queen"s household [1208D e₂ house+ 122A9 mi₂ cuneus]

NIN = lady, mistress [122A9 cuneus +12306garment]; e₅ = princely ?? | e₅, ereš

nin₉ [247x] = sister[ ~ +121AAku backside]

mussa(mi₂-us₂-sa₂) [53x] = son / daughter in-law [122A9 mi₂ cuneus; praise + 12351 us₂ phallus + 12072 sa₂ law]

geme₂ [4025x] = slave woman [~ +121B3mountains]

MURUB₂ = cuneus, backside [ ~ + 121EC priestess] cf. 12319 murub₆ (muru₁₃), 12260 murub₄ (muru₂)

gal₄-la-na = cuneus – bending over, show [122A9 gal₄ cuneus + 121B7 LA bending over / rump, show + 1223E NA man, pestle, pounder] True Etym.: gala (festive dress, make merry) cf. also ?GALA-TUR young male performer [12351 us2 phallus + 121AA KU rump + 12309 TUR young]

gal₄-la-na-še₃ = loincloth [op. cit. + 12365 še₃]

gal₄-la- = cuneus (deeper sense) [122A9 gal₄ cuneus + 121B7 LA bending over / backside + 120B7 house]

..

Proto Cuneiform – see Ref.

..

122AA SAL LAGAB x ASH2

122AB SANGA₂ / saga₂ = [12x] priest

122AC SAR [377x] = to write | | sar [4917x] = garden; a unit of area; a unit of volume | SAKAR, MU₂, kiri₆= (fruit) plantation, orchard | determinative ^&sar; after garden / vegetables | šar[26x #2 behind 122B9 šar₂]= 3600; totality, world; (to be) numerous

[PLM] Jaritz #281 archaic variant of SAR – knot in a cord, fasten together – write – line up characters in a fixed order

cpd dubsar [11320x] = scribe [1207E DUB tablet + 122AC SAR write]

ab-sar-re = to write [1200A AB cosmic + ~ + 12291 RE aux; that ]

cpd sar-ra-ka-ni = garden plot [122AC SAR garden + 1228F RA thresh + 12157 KA mouth + 1224C NI digest]

122AD SHA / ša = [74x]heart (variant cf. 122AE); [3x]official

uQQ šá=NÍG[syllabary; numeric??]

122AE SHA₃ / ŠA₃, šag₄, tibula = [10808x] heart, center, interior

cpd a-sag4 [9387x]= field, surface math.

ŠA₃ Variants:

122AF ~ x A; 122B0 ~ x BAD; 122B1 ~ x GISH; 122B2 ~ x NE; 122B3 ~ x SHU2; 122B4 ~ x TUR; 122B5 ~ x U; 122B6 ~ x U + A

..

122B7 SHA₆, SAG₉ [826x]= good, sweet, beautiful

122B8 SHAB₆ (šab₆) qqq [cf. 1219A KAM₂ ; numeric??]

122B9 SHAR₂ / šar₂ [245x] = 3600; totality, world; (to be) numerous [True Etym.: 360° circle, inventors sexagesimal system; math table; etc.] [šar₂is formed by making a circular indentation with the end of the stylus]

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

122BA SHE / ŠE | niga, nigu = [28315x!] barley, grain; unit of length / area / volume / weight; shekel | True Etymology: origin of Hebrew term for money "she-kel" re price of bushel of grain | niga [12565x] = to be fattened

“Money, like certain other essential elements in civilization, is a far more ancient institution than we were taught to believe … the oldest coin currency that we know is a Sumerian bronze piece dating from before 7000CT / 3000plagio.

On one side of the coin is a representation of a sheaf of wheat, and on the other, Ishtar, the goddess of fertility.

The Sumerians called it the “Shekel” where “She” meant wheat, “Kel” [12086] was a measurement similar to a bushel, hence this coin was a symbol of a value of one bushel of wheat. (The word “shekel” survives in modern Hebrew as Israel"s monetary unit.) The original shekel had as its purpose payment for sacred prostitution at the temple of Ishtar, which was the temple of life and death. The temple, as well as being a ritual center, was the storage place for the reserves of wheat that supported the priesthood, and also the community in lean times. So farmers fulfilled their religious and social obligations by bringing their contributions of wheat to the temple, and receiving in exchange a shekel coin, entitling them to a visit with the temple prostitutes at the festival time. All this also must be understood in its cultural context: The sacred prostitutes were representatives of the goddess, and intercourse with them was intercourse with the goddess of fertility herself, nothing to take lightly…” The Future of Money, Bernard Lietaer "1997

..

“…coinage was arranged according to the sexagesimal numbering system developed earlier by the Sumerians (ie 1, 60 [1x60], and 3600 [122B9 (60x60]) ….lowest denomination was a “shekel”, then a “mina” [1223E] and finally a “talent” [12118]

1 mina = 60 shekels. 1 talent = 60 mina [3600 shekels]. The mina weighted about 500 gms., and the talent about 30 kgs.

These coins were used to pay for property, buy goods and services, pay fines, pay taxes, etc.

Some examples of the use of the shekel from one of the later law codes inscribed on the cuneiform tablets:

“The price of one gur [12125] of barley is one shekel of silver".

“The price of 2 gurs of salt is one shekel of silver”.

“The price of one hal [1212C] seed is one shekel of silver”.

“The wage of a labourer is one shekel of silver and his food one ban of barley and he has to serve for this wage for one month”…

some information on the relative value of the coins and the wealth that each represented. The scribe is lauding the benevolent king for his protection of the poor. “He saw to it that … the man of one shekel did not fall a prey to the man of one mina (sixty shekels) …lowest denomination was a “shekel”, then a “mina” and finally a “talent.” One mina equaled 60 shekels. One Talent was equal to 60 mina. These coins were used to pay for property, buy goods and services, pay fines, pay taxes, etc.”

..

122BB SHE-HU, uz [57x] = wild duck

122BC SHE/SHE GAD/GAD GAR/GAR;

122BD SHE/SHE TAB /TAB GAR/GAR | garadin₃ [0x] = bundle (of reeds), stack of sheaves; grain stack

122BE SHEG₉ [11x] = snow; sleet; cold weather; frost, ice; burning, incineration; chills, shivers

122BF SHEN, ALAL ??, PÌSAN, DUR₁₀, ŠEN [107x]= bucket, cauldron

122C0 SHESH / ŠEŠ [1579x] = brother; junior worker, assistant |urin(uri₃, uru₃) [56x] = standard | cpd ~ + 12015 URIM = (standard of) Ur | cf. 12336

122C1 SHESH₂ / šeš₂,še_8, = [54x] to weep | annoint ??

122C2 SHESHLAM / šešlamqqq | cf. šešlam2 [UNMNG]

122C3 SHID / ŠID, ŠIT / SHIT! ŠITI, LAG | sagga [1862x] (sanga, sangu, saga₈) = an official, the chief administrator of a temple household | (nesag₂) [661x] = first-fruit offering; a storage place | šid [292x] = count(ing); number; half (shares); to count [calculate] | silag [0x] = body part

122C4 ~ x A; 122C5 ~ x IM

122C6 SHIM / šim [819x] = beer, beer malt – cf. 12049 kaš [13889x] | [35x] type of basin | ŠEM, LUNGA = scent (aromatic substance)

ŠIM Variants

122C7 ~ x A; 122C8 ~ x BAL; 122C9 ~ x BULUG | šembulug₃ [OB resin; tree]; 122CA ~ x DIN

122CB ~ x GAR, bappir [64x #3 behind 1204B_bappir3 ] = an ingredient in beer-making, spice

122CC ~ x IGI;

122CD ~ x IGI gunu | šembi [38x] = eye makeup, kohl; antimony paste; to anoint, smear on

122CE ~ x KUSHU2; 122CF ~ x LUL; 122D0 ~ x MUG; 122D1 ~ x SAL

..

122D2 SHINIG / šinig = [28x] tamarisk(small shrub with needle-shaped leaves) | cf 12240

122D3 SHIR / ŠIR, NU₁₁, SIR₄ = [13x] testicle; bulb

122D4 SHIR tenu x NU11 tenu

122D5 SHIR/SHIR BUR/BUR x NU11/NU11 BUR/BUR

122D6 SHITA / šita [17x] = priest; ~ figurine

122D7 SHU / ŠU [2785x] = hand | ŠU+GIR = ring

cpd šu-nigin₂ [18294x] = sum, total [ ~ + 121B8 LAGAB encircle]

šu-kal-le-tud-da = Šukaletuda (PN) [122D7 ŠU hand + 12197 KAL mighty + 121F7 LE branch + 12305 TU small, priest + 12055 DA line]

122D8 SHU/INVERTED SHU

122D9 SHU₂ (šu₂) | šuš₂ [281x] = to cover, to spread over; to envelop, overwhelm; covering; to sink down; to cloud over; surface; to raise (clothes)

122DA SHUBUR / ŠUBUR, ŠA, ŠA₂ [1117x] = pig | determinative ^&cah2; pigs

cf uQQ šul[shul; 305x]= (to be) manly; youth; young man

122DB SI = [401x] to fill, load up; to draw water; to brew beer |[262x]horn | finger; fret

cpd bi₂-ib-si-si = fill [12248 bi₂ carry + 12141 IB oval + 122DB SI fill]

si-si-de₃ = fill and carry

im-mi-ib₂-si-si = draw / fill (water from well) [1214E IM storm, anger + 1222A MI black + 12308 ib2 cross-beam (of well) + 122DB SI x2 fill]

u₅ = high water [12137mušen bird + ~ ]

[PLM]a combination, the top element… "sitting bird", "egg-like" = "bird" (but also possibly "brood")

122DC SI gunu

122DD SIG [343x] = (to be) weak; (to be) low; (to be) thin; (to be) narrow

122DE SIG₄, šeg₁₂ [572x] = clay / mud brick | MURGU [363x] = shoulder, back

[PLM]sig(a)₄, "(dried) brick", depicts "three bricks/tiles forming a zig-zag pattern":

122DF SIG4/SIG4 SHU2

122E0 SIK₂, SIG₂, SIKI [4753x] = wool, fleece; hair; (animal"s) pelt [*cf. True Etym. siki => silk]

122E1 SILA₃ [43696x!!!] = a unit of capacity (= 1 litre, Oxford Handbook Cuneiform p64); a vessel

122E2 SU, KUŠ [3818x] = skin, hide, leather, fur; person; [54x] submerge, skin games; [495x] flesh, body, to be inside, entrails | determinative ^&kuc; before words for items made of leather

122E3 SU/SU

uQQ SU₄, SI₄ [184x] = to be red, brown

122E4 SUD, ŠUD / shud [488x] = (to be) distant; (to be) remote, long-lasting; (to be) profound | SIR, BUgunû = pull; spread; sail; run

122E5 SUD₂ = grind, bite ??

122E6 SUHUR [3x] = to trim or comb the hair |head hair | cf. munsub₂

122E7 SUM, ŠUM₂, SI₃ = give [True Etymology: 'sum' (total, add up); Greek 'sigma'] | sig₁₀ (si) [836x] = to cast; to fashion

cpd im-ma-ni-sig₁₀ = to cast (an eye) [1214E IM mud, storm + 12220 MA approach + 1224C NI finish + 122E7 cast]

122E8 SUMASH / sumaš | sumaš^ku6 [49x] = an oceanic fish

122E9 SUR [82x] = to squeeze, press; to flash; to drip; to rain; to milk – cpd geš3+sur = phallus + squeeze / milk = urinate | [82x] = half | cf. 120FB bread; thing

122EA SUR₉ = [plectrum, musical??]

122EB TA (dá) [85x] = what? | as much as (math./ quantity), from [preposition]

122EC TA = asterisk [= star = TAra] cf. 1202D

122ED TA x HI, LAL₃ [241x]= syrup, honey

122EE TA x MI; 122EF TA gunu

122F0 TAB, MIN [0x!] = 2 ["2" / two numeric] | TAB [740x] = to double; to repeat; companion, partner, friend | cf. more used 1222B[959x] | True Etym.: tab (key); tabulate

122F1 TAB/TAB NI/NI DISH/DISH

122F2 TAB sq

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

122F3 TAG [266x] = to touch, take hold of; to bind – True Etym.: tag, touch (tuku); to attack | šum [63x] = slaughter | TUKU₅ [151x] = beat, strike of cloth; to weave | TIBIR [26x] = hand | ZIL₂ = good, beneficent

122F4 ~ x BI;122F5 ~ x GUD;122F6 ~ x SHE;122F7 ~ x SHU;

122F8 ~ x TUG2;122F9 ~ x UD

122FA TAK₄, (da₁₃) [667x] = to set aside, leave behind; to save, keep back, hold back

122FB TAR = [237x] to cut down; to untie, loosen; to scatter, disperse | sila [238x] = street | kud, ku₅ [1111x] = to break off, deduct; to separate, cut off; to cut; to incise; to decide; to make clear | disease

122FC TE = cheek; to pierce, penetarate (sexually), [31x] membrane | cpd im-ma-te = approach, landing [1214E IM wind + 12220 flow + 122FC TE approach, land cf. 12312 UB as in kiss]

cpd (im/) ni₂-te-a-ni = penetrate; inspect [inspected

1214E IM storm + 122FC TE cheek; penetrate; membrane + 12000 A cry of woe + 1224C NI quiver]

122FD TE gunu = cf. cheek, pierce

122FE TI, TIL₃ [770x] = life,to live; to sit (down); to dwell |^UZUTI = rib

122FF TI tenu

12300 TIL [627x] = (to be) complete(d); (to be) old, long-lasting; to end | ÚŠ, EŠE₃~AŠ.U | sumun = sun, old | cf. BAD 12041

12301 TIR [404x] = forest, wood; mud

12302 ~ x TAK4 ; 12303 ~/~; 12304 ~/~ GAD/GAD GAR/GAR

12305 TU = priest [1x!] | sheep [4x!] | [16x] small | TU+TUR^MUŠEN = little dove

12306 TUG, TUG₂ [5078x] = textile,garment (TU₉, dul_5; [379x] bar-dul₅) | usually as determinative ^&tug2; garments | eš₂ | še₃, = towards | gi₇, gir₁₅, zi₃, zid_{2 |} azlag₂ = fuller (cleans thickens woven cloth)| TUG₂, TU₉, NAM₂ | cf.12247 | True Etym.: Roman toga

cpd ^tug₂dara₄= (Inana"s) loinclth, sash, G-String, belt [~ + 12071 dara4 = red, brown, blood]

12307 TUK, tuku = powerful able-bodied (cpd a₂-tuku); proud | TUG = anger

12308 TUM, (du₄) | ib₂[36x] = hips; middle | ib₂[35x] = (to be) angry; to curse | tum [19x] cross-beam| cf. mi-iq-tum (miqtum, mi-gal₂-tum) social class

12309 TUR | DUMU [28245xxx!] = child, son; apprentice | TUR [1719x] (to be) small; to reduce, diminish; to subtract; (to be) young

cpd dumu-munus [660x] = daughter [ ~ + 122A9 MUNUS cuneus]

lu₂-tur [35x] = son [121FD lu₂ hot rod + ~ ]

1230A TUR/TUR ZA/ZA

1230B U (vowel, basic cuneus); “10“; BUR₃ = hole | U₇ = curse, bewitch | 121E5 NÍGINxU) = PÚ = well (encircled area+hole) | šu₄ [24x] = totality, world | burud_x(U)(bur₃, buru₃)[49x] = breach, hole; depression, low-lying area, depth; to perforate / penetrate; (to be) deep | šu₄ = anus | šuš₂ (šu₄)[74x #2 behind 122D9 šu₂] = to cover, to spread over; to envelop, overwhelm; covering; to sink down; to cloud over; surface; to raise | bur₃ [54x #2 behind 12053 BUR 67x]= a unit of area; a unit of volume | ge₁₄ = stylus cuneus | [winkelhaken = angle hook]

[PLM]means "hole", and reads both u, "(oral) cavity", and hu3 "anus ("anal sphincter" or "anal cavity")". This is supported by another reading of this same sign: *šu4 (for *šü4), "excrement-palm", the left hand being used mandatorily for the hygiene of unclean bodily functions. It is, to this day, a serious insult to offer a MidEasterner the left hand as a greeting because of the traditional use of the left hand.

1230C U-GUD, ul [161x] = (to be) distant (in time); distant time

cpd (nigul) -ul (nig₂-ul) [33x] = an everlasting possession [ = "MUGSAR Benefactor whose family has been assigned a sign, cpd or section forever!"; asset; eternity, immortality; cf. etym. god | 120FB thing, possession + 1230C ul distant time]

1230D U+U+U | ESH / EŠ = 30 (numeric) | UŠU₃ | SIN = moon

1230E U/U PA/PA GAR/GAR

1230F U/U SUR/SUR |garadin₉ = sheaf, bundle (of reeds)

12310 U/U U rev/U rev

12311 U₂ [4129x] = plant(s); food; bread, loaf; grass; herb; pasture; firewood |determinative ^&u2; plants

[12147] ù / u3 [6340x] = and; but; also

12312 UB = [78x] corner| ar₂ = [56x] praise, fame; [11x] ruin

12313 udud / u₄ [29106xxx!] = sun,day,time / “Once, …”; summer, heat, fever | UTU | TAM, ZALAG, ZIMBIR (~UD.KIB.NUN) è (~UD.DU), ZABAR UD BABBAR |

babbar = white, shining | zabar = bronze | determinative ^&zabar; bronze | ÀH = dried, withered

cpde3 (UD-DU) [1850x]= to leave, to go out; to thread, hang on a string; to remove, take away; to bring out; to enter; to bring in; to raise (sunrise), rear (a child); to sow; to rave; to winnow; to measure (grain) roughly (with a stick); to rent [~ + 1207A DU]

im-ta-e₃-a-ra = sunrise

ud-ba = day (open, halved, noon?, Later?) [~ + 12040 BA]

UD Variants:

12314 UD KUSH U2 | u [syl.] weathervane ??; 12315 UD x BAD ; 12316 UD x MI

12317 UD x U + U + U | ITI (UD×EŠ) itud, itid [2145x cf 36175x ??] = moon, month

12318 UD x U + U + U gunu;

12319 UD gunu (murub₆₎ (muru₁₃₎[446x] = cuneus, rear – see 12260 murub₄

1231A UD sheshig (šešig), itud_x, ITI | UD x EŠ ITI₂ ~ ITI x BAD = month[0x!]

1231B UD sheshig x BAD

1231C UDUG = a demon (of desert, mountain, sea, tomb); ~ figurine ??

1231D UM = [34x] reed (stylus? writing / black hero comes next to wheel UMBIN!), stem of

cf. 1207E DUB tablet; 12229mes(meš₃), kišib black hero

It"s not just the Sumerians calling themselves black, the first professors are BLACK!um-mi-a = scholar, expert, craftsman [scholar 1231D UM reed stem (stylus/writing symbol, 1207E tablet var) + 1222AMI black + 12000 progeny]

1231E ~ x LAGAB; 1231F ~ x ME + DA; 12320 ~ x SHA3; 12321 ~ x U

..

Invention of the Wheel

12322 UMBIN = wheel | cf. 1232B UR₂ (lynchpin), 122FA TAK₄, = hold back (the King"s fancy hub caps)

Major Lemma | *QF* | TOC | top

12323 UMUM, SIMUG [396x] = metalworker, smith [cf. True Etym. simug => smith] | umun₂ [16x] = knowledge; workshop

12324~ x KASKAL | DE₂ [702x] = to pour, to winnow

12325 ~ x PA

12326 UN | ug₃(ug₃, un) = [704x] people, KALAM= The Land (of Sumer)

cpd ùg sag gig.ga =Black Sumerians

12327 UN gunu

12328 UR = dog; ecstatic [cf. city of UR] | cpd NIG ~ MUG + UR = bitch

12329 UR +-ing UR; 1232A UR sheshig

1232B UR₂ = phallus, loin limb, root, base

UR₂ Variants

1232C ~ x A + HA; 1232D ~ x A + NA ; 1232E ~ x AL; 1232F ~ x HA; 12330 ~ x NUN; 12331 ~ x U2; 12332 ~ x U2 + ASH; 12333 ~ x U2 + BI

12334 UR₄ [612x]= to pluck; to gather, collect; to harvest

12335 URI, BUR/BUR = [17x] vessel; 12335 uri-ke = Agade / Akkad [ ~ + 121A4 KE₄ open field]

12336 UR_I3 qqq | cf. 122C0 ŠEŠ [in cpd Ur / UMIN] = brother, assistant | cf. 120E3 ur₁₄ [UNMNG]

12337 URU, IRI [2070x] RÍ (ri₂), U₁₉ = Civilization = Black Sumerian city-dwellers

cpd dari [100x] = eternal [12055 da (line, writing board) + 12337 ri₂ (civilization)]

URU Variants:

12338 ~ x A: 12339 ~ x ASHGAB

1233A URU x BAR, ukkin / unkin = [69x] assembly

1233B ~ x DUN; 1233C ~ x GA; 1233D ~ x GAL; 1233E ~ x GAN2 tenu; 1233F ~ x GAR; 12340 ~ x GU; 12341 ~ x HA; 12342 ~ x IGI; 12343 ~ x IM; 12344 ~ x ISH; 12345 ~ x KI; 12346 ~ x LUM;

12347 ~ x MIN | ulu₃, lu₇ | cpds lu₂-ulu₃= human [121FD lu₂ man + ~] | namlulu = [117x] humanity [12246 NAM destiny + op. cit.]

12348 ~ x PA; 12349 ~ x SHE; 1234A ~ x SIG4; 1234B ~ x TU; 1234C ~ x U + GUD; 1234D ~ x UD

1234E URU x URUDA, banshur / banšur = [256x] table

..

1234F URUDA, urud [992x] = copper | dab₆ = [30x] go around | determinative ^&urud; copper / bronze

12350 URUDA x U, TABIRA = copper

12351 USH, UŠ, nita, nita = [2267x] man, male, phallus | / geš₃ (giš₃) / gesh = phallus | [312x] unit of length | us₂ (uš) [9695x] = to accompany / follow / adjacent; (to be) of a lesser quality; to drag; to stretch; a qualification of grain; to thresh (grain) by treading; to coagulate? | us₂ [4087x] = side, edge; path | us₂[109x]= to lean on, impose; to check | determinative ^&m; before male names

[PLM] The Sumerian sign (Jaritz #424), depicts a "penis or phallus with scrotum, issuing a liquid". Its main reading is uš (for *ûš), which means "cohabit, impregnate, stud-animal", and "penis (as "ejaculator")', representing "surround-excrete" = "ejaculate while cohabiting". The Sumerian word can be found in PIE (Proto-Indo-European): *wes-, "dampen, wet, male animal", and *wegw-, "damp, sprinkle".

cpds

geš₃-dug₄[46x] = coition [~ + 12157dug₄ perform]

geš₃-du_{3 (/KAK)} = coition [ ~ + 12195 du₃ perform]

geš₃-zig (12363) = erection [ ~ + 12363zig rise]

mu-USH (mu-uš) = 60 variant; erection??

geš₃-sur = urinate [ ~ + 122E9 sur squeeze / milk]

IM-MA-NI-IN-KA/dug₄ = coition [1214E IM storm + 12220 MA flow + 1224C NI quiver + 12154 IN = abuse, rape + 12157 dug4 / KA = perform, coition]

12352 ~ x A; 12353 ~ x KU; 12354 ~ x KUR; 12355 ~ x TAK4

12356 USH_X qqq | cf. 12230 hair

12357 USH₂ / uš₂ = [3556x] to die; to be dead; to kill; death | [50x] = blood; gore | [2x] = dead / dry reed (stylus) | ug₇ [259x] = plural and imperfect singular stem of uš (to die) | cf. 12041 BAD remote

12358 USHUM = serpent | cf. USHUM.GAL = dragon (big serpent)

12359 UTUKI = prob. honorific suffix | 3 signs: 12300 TIL = complete, end; sun + 12155 IR = ask, divinate + ?? ; could be a link to 12232 MUŠ = snake| cf. Marduk is derived from the Sumerian Amar-utu(ki) (see 1202B ) “the heifer [young cow?] of the sun-spirit”

1235A UZ3, uzud(ud₅, uz₃)[3299x]= (female) goat

1235B UZ3 x KASKAL

1235C UZU [274x] = flesh cf. SIG+UZU hit + flesh = TUD to beat / whip | determinative &uzu; body parts

1235D ZA, LIMMU₅ [11x] = 4 ["4" four numeric; cf. more used 121F9 limmu₂[1759x] | NIGIDA LIMMU, DIŠ/DIŠ+DIŠ/DIŠ | ZA = [113x] man; [43x] bead, gem; [113x] CVVE | cpd ZA-E = you [~ + 1208A E interjection]

1235E ZA tenu | ad4 [5x] = crippled

1235F ZA sq x KUR

12360 ZAG, ZA₃ [902x] = side; arm; shoulder; border, boundary, district; limit; right side, the right

cpd zag-bi = boundary open – endless [12360 ZAG boundary + 12049 BI open]

12361 ZAM_X

12362 ZE₂ = you; live | zi₂ [157x] = cut | cf. give | la (lalamu) [66x] = lust, backside

12363 ZI, ZID | zig₃ (zi) [8574x] = to issue; to levy, raise, muster; to expend; to swell / rise (have an erection) /geš3+zig | zid (zi) = [1475x]right; to be right, true, loyal, faithful | [815x] life, to breathe, self | syll.: sé, sí, ze, zi, | ZI+GA = insurgency, attack

12364 ZI/ZI

12365 ZI₃, zid₂, the real ESH₂ / eš₂ (eše₂) še₃ [7223x] = flour | [62x] rope, string [G-string - loincloth], thong (leather strip) | PSD as italic perhaps to distinguish from 120A0 (see note) native

cpd i₃-ne-eš₂ [ETCSL] = now Akk. Inanna [1224C NI time passes + 12248 NE fire; this + 12365 eš₂ string (loincloth)]

12366 ZIB = [16x] a mark; token; colour, paint

12367 ZIB KABA tenu

12368 ZIG = lower body

12369 ZIZ₂ [2856x] = wheat, work team

1236A ZU [964x] = to know; learn

cpds ABZU = abyss [1200A AB cosmic sea + 1236A ZU know]

nu-mu-un-zu-a = not know [(in all of Sumer) 12261 NU not + 1222C MU name + 12326 UN (KALAM / Sumer) + 1236A ZU know + 12000 A bemoan]

1236B ZU₅ = doctor | cf. a-zu [81x]; a-zu₅ [11x; 12000 A water + ~]

1236C ZU5 x A

1236D ZUBUR [UNMNG] | cf. 12367

1236E ZUM [37x] = revolve [on what!] | haš₄ (hash₄) = lower body, abdomen; thigh

[END]

A | Major Lemma | *QF* | Contents | Top

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