MUGSAR 4-WAY

1. Юникод 2. Знак 3. Лемма 4. Перевод [28x12013CT] 444

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Шумеры – цари землян

Firstly, the issue over the more correct cuneiform. Clearly, it make much more sense that "gi" 12100 reed stylus (writing => knowledge => power; reed marsh of Tigris and Euphrates delta) should be the one we use. Rather than the much less used non-Sumerian, later Babylonian "gir₁₅" 120A0 (local), as shown at PSD for the individual logogram, 4900x to 7x, and the compound for Sumerian language "eme.gi" 21x over "eme.gir₁₅" only 1x, in the older period. And similarly for tablets refering to the King of Sumer, mainly use "ki.en.gi", rather than ki.en.gir₁₅ e.g. the famous Ur-Nammu tablet (see below, also ETCSL, e.g.1: Poem Išme-Dagan (c.2.5.4.01), line c25401.A.364; e.g.2: “Then the Martu peoples, who know no agriculture, arose in all Sumer…”, c1822.369). So why do the elites misquote the cuneiform sign actually used?!

Also see Proto Language Monosyllables – Patrick Ryan clearly knows what he is talking about, “…Emegi, the language of males in Sumer, differs in some interesting ways from equivalent forms inEmesal, the language of females…”

[12174 'eme' = tongue, language + 12100 GI reed / write]

Можно себе представить, что шумеры были доминирующими народами и пользовались уважением других государств, потому что они умели писать, отсюда и акцент на тростниковом стилусе. Таким образом, на них смотрели как на “Королей землян, потому что стилус могущественнее меча”.

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..

4-Way follows…

Inana lady (wonder) come to pass Ur-Nammu the mighty man

King of Ur, King of Sumer and Akkad

..

temple build

Шумеры называли себя “черноволосые люди”

Примеры в табличках ниже…

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В глиняных табличках “черные люди” - это “жители городов” и ”правители Шумера

Cont. from Inana | 4-Way top | TOC

231. His father replied to the boy;

232. his father replied to Šukaletuda:

233. “My son, you should join the city-dwellers your brothers the rulers of Sumer.

234. Go at once to the black-headed people, your brothers!

235. Then this woman [Inana] will not find you in the lands of Sumer.”

236. He joined the city-dwellers, his brothers all together.

237. He went at once to the black-headed people, his brothers,

238. and the woman did not find him in the lands.

[ETCSL: c133.231]

231. lu₂-tur ad-da-ni mu-na-ni-ib-gi₄-gi₄

232. šu-kal-/le\-tud-da ad-[da-ni] mu-na-ni-ib-gi₄-gi₄

233. dumu-gu₁₀ iri šeš-zu -eb-us₂-en

234. sag gig₂ šeš-zu-ne giri3 gub-ba gen-na

235. munus-e šag4 kur-kur-ra-ka nu-um-ma-ni-in-pad₃-de₃-en

236. iri šeš-a-ni ni2-bi-a im-us2

237. sag gig₂ šeš-a-ni giri3 gub-ba im-gen

238. munus-e šag4 kur-kur-ra-ka nu-um-ma-ni-in-pad3

4-Way follows…

Inana & Šukaletuda (c.1.3.3), line c133.231 [cont from Inana 138b]

231. lu₂-tur ad-da-ni mu-na-ni-ib-gi₄-gi₄

[ETCSL: His father replied to the boy]

son father for a time tossed the problem around

etcsl.orinst.ox…c133.231 (or c133.177)

..

232. šu-kal-/le\-tud-da ad-[da-ni] mu-na-ni-ib-gi₄-gi₄

[ETCSL: his father replied to Šukaletuda]

Šukaletuda father for a time tossed the problem around

etcsl.ohinst.ox…c133.232

233. dumu-gu10 iri šeš-zu -eb-us2-en [Inana-Šukaletuda c133.233]

[ETCSL: "My son, you should join the city-dwellers your brothers.]

son city-dwellers your brothers get protection from them the rulers of Sumer

etcsl.orinst.ox…c133.233

..

234. sag gig2 šeš-zu-ne giri3 gub-ba gen-na [Inana-Šukaletuda c133.234]

[ETCSL: Go at once to the black-headed people, your brothers!]

black people your brothers hop to it go

etcsl.orinst.ox…c133.234

235. munus-e šag4 kur-kur-ra-ka nu-um-ma-ni-in-pad3-de3-en

[ETCSL: Then this woman [Inana] will not find you in all the lands.”]

That woman! interior of all the land talking did not find in Sumer the rapist

etcsl.orinst.ox…c133.235

..

236. iri šeš-a-ni ni2-bi-a im-us2

[ETCSL: He joined the city-dwellers, his brothers all together.]

city dwellers his brothers in time all together joined

etcsl.orinst.ox…c133.236

237. sag gig2 šeš-a-ni giri3 gub-ba im-gen

[ETCSL: He went at once to the black-headed people, his brothers,]

black people his brothers hopping to it went

etcsl.orinst.ox…c133.237

..

238. munus-e šag4 kur-kur-ra-ka nu-um-ma-ni-in-pad3

[ETCSL: and the woman did not find him in the land.]

That woman! interior of all the land did not find the rapist

etcsl.orinst.ox…c133.238

[END extract] | 231 | 4-Way top | TOC

ETCSL Search: “black-headed people” sag-gig2 (-ga)

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137-148. The francolin …… to the …… of its ……. The francolin …… to the birthplace of Dumuzid. Like a pigeon on its window ledge it took counsel with itself; the francolin in its shelter took counsel. Only his mother Durtur can gladden my master! Only his mother Durtur can gladden Dumuzid! My goddess, born in Kuara, the maiden who is the crown of all ……, the admiration and acclaim of the black-headed people, the playful one who also voices laments and the cries, who intercedes before the king — Geštin-ana, the lady, did …….

..

137. […]-ba-še3 buru5-?abrudmušen-e nam /il2\

138. ki-ulutim2 ddumu-zid-da-še3 buru5-abrudmušen-e […]

139. tum12mušen-gin7 ab-lal3-ba ni2-bi-a ad-e-eš ba-ni-ib2-gi4

140. buru5-abrudmušen-e a2-bur2-ba ad-e-eš ba-ni-ib-gi4

141. lugal-gu10 ama-ni ddur7-/tur\-ra-am3 i3-ul2-le

142. ddumu-zid-de3 ama-ni <ddur7-tur-ra-am3 i3-ul2-le>

143. in-nin-gu10 u3-tud-da kuaraki

144. ki-sikil amar sig7-ga men-bi

145. u6 di nig2-me-gar sag gig2-ga

146. e-ne dug4-dug4 i-lu akkil dug4-dug4

147. nam-šita dug4-dug4 lugal-la […]

148. dgeštin-an-na-ke4 nin […]

–

c.1.3.2/Tr/Gl sag gig2-ga šir3-re-eš bi2-ib-ra

She shall determine fates. She shall apportion the divine powers among the Anuna, the great gods. And as for you, I will place in your hands the lives of the black-headed people.” When you get there, let the woman I have chosen for her beauty …… her mother. Do not go to her empty-handed, but take her some jewellery in your left hand. Waste no time. Return with her answer quickly.”

–

31-38. In the Gagiššua of the great palace, where she renders verdicts with grandeur, he made the great mother Ninlil glad. Enlil and Ninlil relished it there. In its great dining hall, the trustworthy hero chosen by Nunamnir made them enjoy a magnificent meal: the E-kur was rejoicing. They looked with approval at the shepherd Ur-Namma, and the Great Mountain decreed a great destiny for Ur-Nammu for all time, making him the mightiest among his black-headed people.

..

31. ga2-giš-šu2-a /e2\-gal ma-di gal ku5-ru-da-ni

32. /ama\ gal dnin-lil2-ra ul mu-na-ni-in-de6

33. den-lil2 dnin-lil2-bi dug3 mi-ni-in-gal2-le-eš

34. unu2 gal-ba šul zid mu pad3-da dnu-nam-nir-ra-ka (zi-kir šu-mi)

35. ninda ma am3-mi-ni-dug3 e2-kur ul2-la-am3

36. igi zid mu-un-ši-in-bar-re-eš sipad dur-dnamma-ra

37. kur gal-e sipad dur-dnamma-ra nam gal ud su3-ra2-še3 mu-ni-in-tar

38. sag gig2-ga-na a2 mi-ni-in-ma

–

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ETCSL translation : t.2.5.3.4

http://etcsl.orinst.ox...c.2.5.3.4

A šir-namerima (?) for Iddin-Dagan (Iddin-Dagan D)

1-2. Great lady, majestic physician to the black-headed, holy Ninisina, daughter of An, may you be praised!

3-9. Lady whose tempest, like a raging storm, …… the interior of heaven and the trembling earth, whose upraised fierce face, like a fire, rips the bodies of the enemy; who, like a dragon, does not bring up venom in her place where ……, paws of a lion, sharpened knives, claws constantly dripping blood, …… which prick the body with fear! When you draw through the flesh the scalpel and the lancet, knives like lion"s claws — the bodies of the black-headed people tremble because of you!

..

1. nin gal <a>-zu ma sag gig2-ga

2. kug dnin-isin2si-na dumu an-na me-teš2 -i-i

3. nin tum9u18-lu-ni ud mir-a-gin7 an-šag4-a ki dub2-bu X

4. dgibil6-gin7 igi /uš il2\-la-ni erim2-ma su dar-dar-re

5. ušumgal-gin7 ki KA X-a-na uš11-bi nu-ed3-de3

6. /šu pirig\-ga2 giri2 u3-sar ak umbin uš2 biz-biz-biz

7. su X A E de2-de3 ni2 su-a ru-ru-gu2

8. giri2-zal bulug-kig2-gur4 giri2 pirig-ga2-gin7 uzu e3-a-zu-uš

9. ug3 sag gig2 su ma-ra-sag3-sag3-ge

–

A praise poem of ammu-rabi

http://etcsl.orinst.ox...c.2.8.2.1

1-17.

1 line fragmentary …… acting as its lord ……

7 lines fragmentary …… the black-headed ……. …… the Euphrates ……. …… the Tigris …….

10. […]-zu X um-ma-ri sag gig2-ga [(…)] /IM?\ en GIL

–

http://etcsl.orinst.ox...c.5.5.4

18-27. Here, {in {"Where Flesh Came Forth"} {(1 ms. has instead:) "Where Flesh Grew"} (the name of a cosmic location) , he set this very hoe (al) to work;} {(1 other ms. has instead:) in "Where Flesh Grew" the unassailable (?),} he had it place the first model of mankind in the brick mould. His Land started to break through the soil towards Enlil. He looked with favour at his black-headed people. Now the Anuna gods stepped forward to him, and did (gal) obeisance to him. They calmed Enlil with a prayer, for they wanted to demand (al-dug) the black-headed people from him. Ninmena, the lady who had given birth to the ruler, who had given birth to the king, now set (algaga) human reproduction going.

..

18. {{uzu-e3-a} {(1 ms. has instead:) uzu-mu2-a} gišal am3-mi-ni-in-du3}

{

(1 other ms. has instead the line:)

18A. uzu-mu2-a sag nu-ga2-ga2-de3

}

19. sag nam-lu2-ulu3 u3-šub-ba mi-ni-in-gar

20. den-lil2-še3 kalam-ma-ni ki mu-un-ši-in-dar-re

21. sag gig2-ga-ni-še3 igi zid mu-ši-in-bar

22. da-nun-na mu-un-na-sug2-sug2-ge-eš

23. šu-bi giri17-ba mu-un-ne-gal2

24. den-lil2 a-ra-zu-a mu-ni-in-ug-e-ne

25. ug3 sag gig2-ga al mu-un-da-be2-ne

26. nin en u3-tud-de3 lugal u3-tud-de3

27. dnin-men-na-ke4 tud-tud al-ga2-ga2

–

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http://etcsl.orinst.ox...c.5.3.6

1-10.

2 lines fragmentary of Enlil ……. Small ten-shekel pieces of silver ……

6 lines fragmentary … unknown no. of lines missing

1-11.

5 lines fragmentary …… in aromatic oil of cedar ……. …… humans, the black-headed people. Let him anoint each with my …… aromatic oil of cedar. …… it is an abomination to my king.

..

7. […] /lu2\-ulu3 ug3 sag gig2-ge

8. […] i3 šim gišerin-na-ga2-ta-am3 a-mu-ta-/šeš4\-e

9. […]I-bi-ra lugal-ga2 nig2-gig-bi-[im]

–

Sumer

The Victory of Utu-Hengal, ETCSL transliteration : c.2.1.6.

4. ki-en-gi-ra2 nij2-a-erim2 /bi2-in\-si-a

21. sig-ce3 ki-en-gi-ra2 {gana2} {(1 ms. has instead:) jic} bi2-kece2

http://etcsl.orinst.ox...c.5.3.3

236-247. “When the šem and ala drums, …… and other instruments play together for him, he passes the time with your heart-gladdening tigi and zamzam instruments. But it is I who have made the wine plentiful and made much to eat and drink. I perfect the garments with fine oil. I bring up the ……, the šutur and aktum garments. As for safeguarding, the best in Sumer, in the oppressive heat (?) of Summer, where they had been put away in the bedrooms amongst the black-headed people, moths destroy the blankets and make the aktum cloth perish because of you. …… exhausts itself for you ……. The wooden chest ……. I am Ninkasi"s help, for her I sweeten the beer, with as much cold water, the tribute of the hills, as you brought.”

..

236. šem3 kuša2-la2 si-ŠIR3 giš-gu3-di ni2-ba u3-mu-na-du12

237. tigi za-am-za-am nig2 šag4 ul2-la-zu ud mi-ni-ib-zal-zal-e

238. ge26-e geštin lu-lu-me-en gu7 nag gal-gal-me-en

239. tug2 i3 dug3-ge ba-ab-du7-me-en

240. /nig2\-tug2-ba tug2šutur tug2aktum-ma a2 ba-ni-e3-a-me-en

241. /kum2\-ma dugud e2-me-eš sag ki-en-gi*-ra zi-bi tum2-tum2-de3

242. ug3 sag gig2-ga ur2-bi-a ki-nu2 gar-gar-ra-bi

243. tug2nig2-barag2 nim mu-ra-be4-be4 tug2aktum mu-ra-sa6

244. gišnig2-keše2-da a2 mu-ra-ab-kuš2-u3 e2-gal ma-ra-ŠEŠ-ŠEŠ

245. gišgu2-ne-sag-ga2-ke4 mu-un-kig2-kig2 en3 tar mu-ni-gal2

246. dnin-ka-si-ke4 a2-ta-a-ni-me-en kaš mu-un-na-ab-dug3-ge-en

247. a sed4 gu2-un ur-sag-ga2 a-na mu-e-tum2-tum2-mu

* So here in one of the few extant examples, "Sumer" = “sag ki-en-gi” = head(/people) +

cosmic world + lord + reed stylus "gi" [not little used 'gir₁₅' native]

…

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Первые профессора - черные!

The advice of a supervisor to a younger scribe (E-dub-ba-a C)

(The supervisor speaks...)" src="Sumerian/icon_smile.gif">

1. dumu e₂-dub-ba-a ud ul-la ga₂-nu ki-gu₁₀-še₃

[ETCSL: {Apprentice!} One-time member of the school, come here to me,]

Apprentice scribe school once supervised won"t you come down to the designated place

Note: Original translation inexplicably doesn"t bother to translate the

very first word, “dumu” = apprentice – probably the most interesting and important part of the whole introduction…

http://etcsl.orinst.ox...c513.1

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2. nig₂ um-mi-a-gu₁₀ mu-un-pad₃-da za-e ga-ra-pad₃-pad₃

http://etcsl.orinst.ox.a...c513.2

[ETCSL: and let me explain to you what my teacher revealed]

something, dear professor, who of course must be black, revealed to the people of Sumer, you, like threshing grain will be revealed

* There are some who say that when the Sumerians call themselves black it should not be taken literally, and black means local or something. Also in signs for other professions the scribes don"t add this extra point , but here they emphasize the first professors that started the education revolution 5000 years ago are BLACK!

3. za-e-gin₇-nam nam-lu₂-tur i₃-ak šeš-gal i₃-tuku-am₃

[ETCSL: "Like you, I was once a youth and had a mentor]

http://etcsl.orinst.ox...c513.3

*END current WIP*

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3-8.

“Like you, I was once a youth and had a mentor.

The teacher assigned a task to me — it was man"s work.

Like a springing reed, I leapt up and put myself to work.

I did not depart from my teacher"s instructions,

and I did not start doing things on my own initiative.

My mentor was delighted with my work on the assignment.

He rejoiced that I was humble before him and he spoke in my favour.”

3.za-e-gin7-nam nam-lu2-tur i3-ak šeš-gal i3-tuku-am3

4. um-mi-a lu2-ta kig2-ga2-am3 a2 ag2-ga2 giš bi2-in-gar

5. gi al-gu4-ud-da-gin7 i3-gu4-ud-de3-en kig2-ga2 bi2-in-sig10-ge-en

6. inim um-mi-a-gu10 nu-un-taka4 nig2 ni2-ga2 li-bi2-ak

7. šeš-gal-gu10 a2 giš gar-ra-ga2 šag4-ga-ni i-ni-in-dug3

8. i3-sun5-ne na-mu-da-ši-ul2 silim-ga2 i-ni-in-dug4

9-15.

9. “I just did whatever he outlined for me — everything was always in its place. 10. Only a fool would have deviated from his instructions.

11. He guided my hand on the clay and kept me on the right path.

12. He made me eloquent with words and gave me advice.

13. He focused my eyes on the rules which guide a man with a task:

14. zeal is proper for a task, time-wasting is taboo; 15. anyone who wastes time on his task is neglecting his task.”

9. giš ma-an-ur-ra na-an-dim2 ki-bi-še3 al-gar-gar

10. na de5-ga-ni-ta lu2 u-ru-um šu bar dib-ba-e

11. im-ma šu-gu10 si ba-ni-in-sa2 us2 zid mu-un-dab5

12. ka-gu10 inim-ma gal2 ba-ni-in-taka4 ad gi4-gi4 ma-an-pad3

13. giš-ur lu2 a2 ag2-ga2 si sa2-e igi ma-ni-in-si-si

14. gu2 zi-zi-i a-la a2 ag2-ga2-kam ud zal-le nig2-gig-ga

15. lu2 ki a2 ag2-ga2-ni-še3 ud zal-la a2 ag2-ga2-ni ab-taka4

16-20.

“He did not vaunt his knowledge: his words were modest.

If he had vaunted his knowledge, people would have frowned.

Do not waste time, do not rest at night — get on with that work!

Do not reject the pleasurable company of a mentor or his assistant:

once you have come into contact with such great brains,

you will make your own words more worthy.”

16. nig2-zu-a-ni pa nu-um-e3 ka-ga14-ni ba-an-la2

17. tukum-bi nig2-zu-a-ni pa ba-an-e3 igi mu-un-su-su-u3-ne

18. ud na-ab-zal-e-en gi6 na-ab-sed4-e-en a2-bi-še3 gen-na

19. šeš-gal šeš-ban3-da -li-a-bi na-an-na-ni-ib-gi4-gi4

20. sag-ki gal-gal-la um-ma-te inim-zu ba-dugud-de3-en

21-26.

“And another thing: you will never return to your blinkered vision; that would be greatly to demean due deference, the decency of mankind.

Worthy plants [offerings?] calm the heart, and sins are absolved.

An empty-handed man"s gifts are respected as such.

Even a poor man clutches a kid to his chest as he kneels.

You should defer to the powers that be and …… — that will calm you.”

21. 2-kam-ma-še3 igi keše2-da-zu-še3 nu-ra-ni-ib-gi4-gi4

22. ki za-za teš2 lu2-u18-lu-ka ma-bi gu2 -ri-du3

23. u2 teš2-a-ka šag4 ab-sed4-de3 nam-tag-ga al-du8-e

24. lu2 šu sug4-ga-ka kadra-ni ur5-še3 nir mu-un-gal2

25. lu2 nig2 nu-tuku maš2 gur-ra-na gaba-na i-im-tab

26. lu2-garza2-ra ki -en-ne-za [he2]-keše2 ba-sed4-de3

27-28.

“There, I have recited to you what my teacher revealed, and you will not neglect it.

You should pay attention — taking it to heart will be to your benefit!”

27. nig2 um-mi-a-gu10 mu-un-pad3-de3 e-ra-šid nu-mu-ra-ab-taka4

28. gizzal -bi2-ak šag4-še3 gid2-i-de3 sag9-ge-zu mu-da-an-gal2

29-35.

The learned scribe humbly answered his supervisor:

“I shall give you a response to what you have just recited like a magic spell,

and a rebuttal to your charming ditty delivered in a bellow.

Do not make me out to be an ignoramus — I will answer you once and for all!

You opened my eyes like a puppy"s and you made me into a human being.

But why do you go on outlining rules for me as if I were a shirker?

Anyone hearing your words would feel insulted!”

29. dub-sar umun2 ak sun5-na-bi ugula-a-ni mu-un-na-ni-ib-gi4-gi4

30. ud mu7-mu7-gin7 ab-šid-en-na-a ba-an-gi4-bi a-ra-ab-a-za-an

31. mu gud-gin7 i-lu dug3-ga-zu-še3 giš i3-la2-a-bi

32. lu2 nu-zu nam-mu-ni-ib-ku4-ku4 1(DIŠ)-am3 ga-ra-ni-ib-gi4

(1 ms. inserts lines 60A and 60B here instead of after line 60)

33. ur-gir15 tur-gin7 igi mu-e-bad-bad nam-lu2-ulu3 mu-e-ak

34. a-na-aš-am3 lu2 ga2-la dag-ga-gin7 giš ma-ab-ur-ur-re-en

35. lu2 inim-zu giš ba-ni-in-tuku-a šu am3-ma-kar2-kar2

36-41.

“Whatever you revealed of the scribal art has been repaid to you.

You put me in charge of your household and I have never served you by shirking.

I have assigned duties to the slave girls, slaves and subordinates in your household.

I have kept them happy with rations, clothing and oil rations,

and I have assigned the order of their duties to them, so that you do not have to follow the slaves around in the house of their master.

I do this as soon as I wake up, and I chivvy them around like sheep.”

36. nam-dub-sar-ra a-na mu-e-pad3-da-zu šu-za ba-ni-in-šum2

37. e2-za -bi2-gub-be2-en ud na-me nig2 ga2-la dag-ga-gu10-uš sa2 ba-ra-am3-mu-ri-ib-dug4

38. geme2 arad2 giri3-sig10-ga e2-za kig2-gi4-a -bi2-ne-gi4

39. šukur2-bi tug2-bi u3 i3-ba-bi šag4-bi a-ma-dug3-ga

40. a-ra2-bi-še3 kig2-gi4-a -bi2-in-ne-gi4 e2 lugal-ka arad2 ba-ra-bi2-in-us2

41. gaba ud-ga2 -bi2-ak udu-gin7 -eb-us2-u3-nam

42-49.

“When you have ordered offerings to be prepared, I have performed them for you on the appropriate days.

43] I have made the sheep and banquets attractive, so that your god is overjoyed.

44] When the boat of your god arrives, people should greet it with respect.

45] When you have ordered me to the edge of the fields, I have made the men work there.

It is challenging work which permits no sleep either at night or in the heat of day, if the cultivators are to do their best at the field-borders.

I have restored quality to your fields, so people admire you.

Whatever your task for the oxen, I have exceeded it and have fully completed their loads for you.”

42. sizkur2 sa gi4-gi4-da -mu-e-dug4 ud-bi sa2 -ri-ib-dug4

43. udu-bi u2-gu7-bi a-ma-sag9-sag9 digir-zu -ul2

44. ud ma2 digir-za us2-sa-bi giri17 šu a-ra-ab-tag-ge-ne

45. gaba a-šag4-ga-še3 a2 -mu-e-da-a-a-ag2 erin2-e kig2 -bi2-ak

46. kig2 a-da-min3-na gi6 an-bar7-ba u3 ba-ra-bi2-ku-am3

47. us2-a-DU dumu engar-ra-ke4-e-ne sag u-mu-un-kal-le-ne

48. a-šag4-za šu nam-sag9-ga -bi2-gi4 ug3-e u6 di -ri-ib-dug4

49. gud-de3 a-na-am3 gub-zu dirig -em-tum3 gu2-un-bi a-ra-ab-silim-ma-am3

50-53.

“Since my childhood you have scrutinised me and kept an eye on my behaviour, inspecting it like fine silver — there is no limit to it!

Without speaking grandly — as is your shortcoming — I serve before you.

But those who undervalue themselves are ignored by you –

know that I want to make this clear to you.”

50. tur-ra-gu10-ta -em-ma-dim4-e-en a-ra2-gu10 igi -bi2-du8

51. kug sag9-ga-gin7 kurum7 -bi2-ak ki-šer11 la-ba-an-tuku

52. gal-bi nu-di nig2-gig-zu-gin7 e-ra-da-tuš-u3-nam

53. ni2 tur-tur-re e-ra-da-sa6-sa6-na pa ga-ra-ab-e3 zu-a

54-59. (The supervisor answers:)

“Raise your head now, you who were formerly a youth. You can turn your hand against any man, so act as is befitting.” (The scribe speaks:) “Through you who offered prayers and so blessed me, who instilled instruction into my body as if I were consuming milk and butter, who showed his service to have been unceasing, I have experienced success and suffered no evil.”

54. ud-bi-ta lu2-tur -me-en-na i3-ne-eš2 sag-zu il2

55. šu-zu lu2-ra mu-da-an-gi4-gi4-in a-ra2-bi-še3 DU-mu-un

56. šudu3 -mu-e-ša4 nam mu-tar-ra

57. na de5-ga ga i3 gu7-a-gin7 su-ga2 i-ni-in-kur9-ra

58. gub-bu ga2-la nu-dag-ge pad3-da-zu

59. ki sag9-ga-bi sa2 -ri-ib-dug4 nig2-ul-bi li-bi2-in-ak

60-61. (The supervisor answers:)

“The teachers, those learned men, should value you highly. {(2 mss. add 3 lines, 1 of the 2 mss. adds 2 more lines which correspond to lines 67 and 68 in this edition:) They should … in their houses and in prominent places. Your name will be hailed as honourable for its prominence. For your sweet songs even the cowherds will strive gloriously. For your sweet songs I too shall strive and shall … The teacher will bless you with a joyous heart.} You who as a youth sat at my words have pleased my heart.”

60. um-mi-a lu2 inim zu-u3-ne sag u-mu-un-kal-le-ne

{2 mss. add 3 lines:)

60A. e2-bi-a ki sag-kal-la-ba DI-DI u-mu-un-e-ne

60B. mu-zu dug3-ge-eš pad3-de3-da-bi sag-ki-bi ma-gal2

(1 of the 2 mss. has lines 67 and 68 after line 60B instead of after line 66)

60E. um-mi-a šag4 ul2-la-ni-ta šudu3 mu-na-an-ša4

61. lu2-tur inim-gu10-še3 ba-tuš-u3-nam šag4-gu10 bi2-dug3-ga-am3

62-72.

“Nisaba has placed in your hand the honour of being a teacher. {For her, the fate determined for you will be changed and so you will be generously blessed} {(1 ms. has instead:)

You were created by Nisaba! May you … upwards}.

May she bless you with a joyous heart and free you from all despondency. … at whatever is in the school, the place of learning.

66] The majesty of Nisaba … silence.

For your sweet songs even the cowherds will strive gloriously.

For your sweet songs I too shall strive and shall ….[omitted: 'do something for your MUNUS']

They should recognise that you are a practitioner (?) of wisdom.

The little fellows should enjoy like beer the sweetness of decorous words:

experts bring light to dark places, they bring it to culs-de-sac and streets.”

62. dnisaba dugud-da um-mi-a šu-za i-ni-in-gar-ra

63. {nam i-ri-tar-ra mu-na-ra-kur2-ru šu zid a-ra-an-ga2-ga2}

{(1 ms. has instead the line:) šu dug4-ga dnisaba-me-en gu2 an-še3 […]}

64. šag4 ul2-la nam-še3 -bi2-tar šag4 sag3 -da-zig3

65. e2-dub-ba-a ki-umum-ma a-na gal2-la […]

66. nam-ma dnisaba nig2-me-gar pad3-pad3 di-da-/bi?

67. gud-us2 šir3 dug₃-dug₃-ga-zu-še3 giš la2-bi ma

68. šir3 dug₃-ga-zu-še3 giš ga-mu-ni-in-la2 MUNUS-zu-gin7 ga-mu-ni-tag-tag

69. nig2 geštug2-ga nu-u18-lu-me-en u-mu-un-pad3-pad3-de3-ne

70. di4-di4-la2 inim-inim-ma -du7 kaš u-mu-un-ku7-ku7-de3-ne

71. gašam ki ku10-ku10-ga ud ga2-ga2

72. sila sag gi4-a sila-a ba-an-ga2-ga2

73-74.

Praise Nisaba who has brought order to … and fixed districts in their boundaries, the lady whose divine powers are divine powers that have no rival!

73. us2 teš2-ba ri-a si sa2-e in ki-bi sur-sur

74. nin me-ni-da me nu-sa2-a dnisaba za3-mi2

[End Scribe School]

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Циаты

eme-gi-še₃ gu₂-zu na-ab-šub-be₂-en

“Не пренебрегайте шумерским языком”

(Письмо Иним-Инаны Лугаль-ибиле c.3.3.12.3.)

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Инана и семь космических сил её набедренной повязки

Note Intro above | 4-Way top | Наиболее распространенные знаки | Содержание

112a.

u₄-/ba nin-gu₁₀ an\ mu-un-nigin₂-na-ta

Once, lady dear heaven (flew/) roamed around,

112b.

ki /mu-un- nigin₂ \-[na]-/ta\

cosmic world roamed around

113a. [Инана вверх]

^dinana an mu-un-nigin₂-na-ta

Inana heaven roamed around,

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113b.

ki /mu-un- nigin₂ \-[na]-/ta\

cosmos roamed around

114. [Инана вверх]

/elam^ki\ su-bir₄^ki-a mu-un-nigin₂-na-ta

Elam & Subir roamed around

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115. [Инана вверх]

/dubur an\ gil-gi₁₆-il-la mu-un-nigin₂-na-ta

{[She flew around the Tree whose roots]

horizon heaven entwined roamed around,}

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116. [Inana top]

nu-gig kuš₂-a-ni-ta im-ma-te dur₂-bi-še₃ ba-nu₂

Sumerian high status woman (wore bead and was black) so tired landed

backside exposed [through skimpy loincloth] lay down [beside its boundary roots.]

etcsl.orinst.ox…c133.116

117. [Inana top]

šu-kal-le-tud-da zag sar-ra-/ka\-ni igi im-ma-ni-/sig10\

Šukaletuda beside lair watched.

[On the same plot of land a youth, Šukaletuda, was working, and saw her;]

etcsl.orinst.ox…c133.117

118. [Inana top]

^dinana-ke4 tug₂dara₄ me imin gal₄-la na

Inana on reed mat [ lying on her side...] …

loincloth divine powers seven over her cuneus/backside…

[She had in her loincloth a weaving of the seven cosmic powers...]

etcsl.orinst.ox…c133.118

119. {do. 118} tug2dara4? me 7 gal4-la-na […]

Инана любит Думузи

120. Inana ^dinanaki-ag₂ sipad dumuzi

Inana"s thoughts were with her shpeherd lover Dumuzi

Cont.MUGSAR download version

Цилиндры Гудеа

4-Way Ningirsu"s Temple | 4-Way top | Содержание

The Gudea cylinders are a pair of terracotta cylinders dating to circa 7875 CT [2125 plag] on which is written in cuneiform a Sumerian myth called the Building of Ningursu"s temple.[1] The cylinders were found in "1877 during excavations at Telloh (ancient Girsu), Iraq and are now displayed in the Louvre in Paris, France. They are the largest cuneiform cylinders yet discovered and contain the longest known text written in the Sumerian language… [Wik]

The god of wisdom, Enki, organized the world after creation and gave each deity a role in the world order. Nisaba was named the scribe of the gods, and Enki then built her a school of learning so that she could better serve those in need.

Nidaba / Nindaba / Nisaba = goddess of writing (and teaching) she was often praised by Sumerian scribes. Many clay-tablets end with the phraseDINGIR.NAGA.ZAG.SAL,^dnisaba za₃-mi₂, “Nisaba be praised” to honor the goddess. She is considered the teacher of both mortal scribes and other divine deities…

As the goddess of knowledge, she is related to many other facets of intellectual study and other gods may turn to her for advice or aid. Some of these traits are shared with her sister Ninsina. She is also associate with grain, reflecting her association with an earth goddess mother.

12240NAGA = potash; soap

AN.NAGA is read as NANIBGAL, and AN.ŠE.NAGA as NÁNIBGAL. NAGA is read as NÍDABA or NÍSABA, and ŠE.NAGA as NIDABA or NISABA…[Wik]

http://www.specialtyinterests.net/cuneiform_writing.html

http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.2.1.7

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The Building of Ningirsu"s Temple

Intro above | 4-Way top | Содержание

Gudea Cylinders A and B (c.2.1.7), line c217.110

Paragraph t217.p14 (line(s)110-114)

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110. munus 1(DIŠ)-am₃a-ba me-a nu a-ba me-a-ni

[ETCSL: Then there was a woman -- whoever she was.]

woman one was who “to be or not to be”*

*So that"s where Shakespeare / Edward de Vere plagiarized it from!

http://cdli.ox...c217.110

111. sag-ga₂e₃ki garadin₉mu-ak

[ETCSL: She …… sheaves. ]

head basket bring place sheaves do

112. gi-dub-ba kug NE-a šu im-mi-du₈

[ETCSL: She held a stylus of refined silver in her hand,]

stylus silver refined hand proudly displayed

http://cdli.ox...c217.112

113. dub mul-an dug₃-ga im-mi-gal₂

[ETCSL: and placed it on a tablet with propitious stars,]

tablet cosmic star good ones classified

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114. ad im-dab₆-gi₄-gi₄

[ECSL: and was consulting it."]

recited (mantra) turning round and round

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ETCSL:

“Then there was a woman — whoever she was.

She …… sheaves [bundles].

She held a stylus of refined silver in her hand,

and placed it on a tablet with propitious stars, and was consulting it.”

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110. munus 1(DIŠ)-am₃a-ba me-a nu a-ba me-a-ni

111. sag-ga₂e₃ki garadin₉mu-ak 112. gi-dub-ba kug NE-a šu im-mi-du₈ 113. dub mul-an dug₃-ga im-mi-gal₂ 114. ad im-dab₆-gi₄-gi₄

ccc

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ccc1

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ccc2

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ccc3

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Основные леммы | *БП* | TOC | top

Not Translated Tablet (Gudean Period)

Mmnm … not translated huh? Let"s apply MUGSAR 4-Way and see how far we get…

1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 11b | 12 | 13 | 14

Line 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 1111b | 12 | 13 | 14

ggg | Наиболее распространенные знаки

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Line 2

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Line 3

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Line 4

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Line 5

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Line 6

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Line 7

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Line 8

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Line 9 (right side)

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Line 10

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Line 11

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Line 11b

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Line 12

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Line 13

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Line 14

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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 11b | 12 | 13 | 14

cf. etcsl.orinst.ox…c432e.D.54N

A šir-namšubto Utu (Utu E) (c.4.32.e), line c432e.D.54

Paragraph t432e.p10 (line(s)51-58)

51. mu-lu zid-de₃mu-lu zid-zid-da-[ke₄] gu₂-bi mu-un-ši-ib₂-[gi₄]

52. u₃-mu-un erim₆-ma kur gal^dmu-ul-lil₂gu₂-bi mu-un-ši-ib₂-gi₄ 53. nin erim₆-ma ama gal^dnin-lil₂gu₂-bi mu-un-ši-[ib₂-gi₄] 54. lu₂zid-zid-da-ke₄kaš-zu bur-ra me-ri ki a-da-ab-KU 55. zabar-bi ši su₃-ud-ma-al de₃-ra-ab-dirig-ge 56. nibru^kidu₃-du₃-a-ba X KI X X X-a-ba še-eb e₂-e X-a-ba 57. dam til₃-la e₂X [...] dirig^?-ge 58. a e₂-a a X [...]

51. The righteous man, the most righteous of men, has filled them to overflowing.

52. O lord of the storehouse, Great Mountain Enlil, he has filled them to overflowing. 53. O lady of the storehouse, great mother Ninlil, he has filled them to overflowing. 54. The most righteous of men has …… the bowls with your beer. 55. May this bronze vessel increase his long life. 56. When Nibru had been fully built, when …… had been ……, when the brickwork of this house had been ……, 57. the living spouse ……, 58. the seed of the house, the seed …….

cf. Line 8

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Наиболее распространенные знаки

Основные леммы | *БП* | TOC | top

rrr

СПРАВОЧНИК И ССЫЛКИ

Временной период шумерской цивилизации

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A little bit of video of Tara (then 6 yo) making and "unearthing" the CT Book on YouTube:

1. Unearthing the CT Book (16s)

http://youtu.be/_kmiWiLdki4

2. Tara Designing CT Book (1m 31s)

http://youtu.be/rk0Qp03Vv2Q

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Шумерские периоды

Ubaid = 5000-6000CT (5000-4000 religio-plagio) – Early settlements in Sumer (southern Iraq).

Uruk = 6000-7000CT (4000-3000 plag) – Civilization develops rapidly through cuneiform writing.

Early Dynastic = 7000-7650CT (3000-2350 plag) – Independent, sometimes conflicting Sumerian city states. [Literature of Ancient Sumer, Jeremy Black]

ED IIIa = The Early Dynastic IIIa (Fara) period – c.7400-7500CT (2600-2500 plag)

ED IIIb period = c. 7460-7650CT (2540-2350 plag)

The Early Dynastic period began after a cultural break with the preceding Jemdet Nasr period that has been radio-carbon dated to about [7100CT (2900 plag)] at the beginning of the Early Dynastic I Period. No inscriptions have yet been found verifying any names of kings that can be associated with the Early Dynastic I period. The ED I period is distinguished from the ED II period by the narrow cylinder seals of the ED I period and the broader wider ED II seals engraved with banquet scenes or animal-contest scenes. The Early Dynastic II period is when Gilgamesh, the famous king of Uruk, is believed to have reigned. Later inscriptions have been found bearing some Early Dynastic II names from the King List. The Early Dynastic IIIa period is when syllabic writing began. Accounting records and an undeciphered logographic script existed before the Fara Period, but the full flow of human speech was first recorded around [7400CT (2600plag)] at the beginning of the Fara Period.

Hegemony, which came to be conferred by the Nippur priesthood, alternated among a number of competing dynasties, hailing from Sumerian city-states traditionally including Kish, Uruk, Ur, Adab and Akshak, as well as some from outside of southern Mesopotamia, such as Awan, Hamazi, and Mari, until the Akkadians, under Sargon of Akkad, overtook the area…

Ur III = The Third Dynasty of Ur: 107 years, 7954-8061CT (2047–1940 plag)

[cf. 108 years, 7888-7996CT (2112–2004 plag) - Black, ibid.]

Also known as the Neo-Sumerian Empire or the Ur III Empire, refers to a Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state that some historians regard as a nascent empire… [Wik]

The Third Dynasty of Ur came to preeminent power in Mesopotamia after several centuries of Akkadian and Gutian kings. It controlled the cities of Isin, Larsa and Eshnunna and extended as far north as the Jazira.

The Third Dynasty of Ur arose some time after the fall of the Akkad Dynasty. The period between the last powerful king of the Akkad Dynasty, Shar-kali-sharri, and the first king of Ur III, Ur-Nammu, is not well documented, but most Assyriologists posit that there was a brief “dark age”, followed by a power struggle among the most powerful city-states… [Wik]

cf.

OS Old Sumerian period 7500-7650CT (2500-2350 plag)

Sarg. Sargonic period 7650-7850CT (2350-2150 plag)

Ur III / Third Ur Dynasty (Neo-Sumerian) period 7850-8000CT (2150-2000 plag)

OB Old Babylonian period 8100-8400CT (1900-1600 plag)

Список детерминативов

1. &ance; перед ослом/ лошадью
2. &d; перед божественными именами
3. &dug; перед словами, обозначающими сосуды
4. &e2; перед словами, обозначающими здания и помещения
5. &f; перед женскими именами и словами, обозначающими женские занятия
6. &gi; перед словами, обозначающими изделия из тростника
7. &gud; перед словами для крупного рогатого скота
8. &jic; перед словами, обозначающими изделия из дерева
9. &id2; перед названиями рек
10. &iku; после слов, обозначающих меры поверхности
11. &im; перед словами, обозначающими изделия из глины
12. &kac; перед видами алкоголя
13. &ki; после названий мест
14. &ku6; после слов, обозначающих рыбу
15. &kur; перед словами, обозначающими горы / страны
16. &kuc; перед словами, обозначающими изделия из кожи
17. &lu2; перед иноверцами и словами, обозначающими занятия мужчин
18. &m; перед (мужскими) именами
19. &mu; перед словами, обозначающими изделия из дерева (металла)
20. &mucen; после названий птиц
21. &mul; перед названиями звезд и планет
22. &na4; перед названиями обозначающими названия камней
23. &ninda; перед словами, обозначающими хлеб и другие хлебобулочные изделия
24. &sa; перед словами для плетеных изделий
25. &sar; после слов, обозначающих овощи
26. &cah2; перед словами для обозначения разновидностей свиней
27. &tug2; перед словами, обозначающими предметы одежды
28. &tum9; перед словами, обозначающими изделия из глины
29. &u2; перед словами, обозначающими растения
30. &udu; перед словами, обозначающими разновидности овец и коз
31. &urud; перед словами, обозначающими изделия из бронзы и меди
32. &uzu; перед словами, обозначающими части тела
33. &zabar; перед словами для изделий из бронзы

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ИСТИННАЯ ЭТИМОЛОГИЯ

In addition to individual entries throughout the MUGSAR, here we will start throwing in extra bits and pieces until we can get a feel for order…

Proto Language Monosyllables PLM

"Proto Language Monosyllables PLM with their Principal Meanings", Patrick C. Ryan ("2008) – “The Proto-Language was composed of 90 monosyllables…”

Some quite interesting points on true etymology and evolution.

Also notes “…one of the defining characteristics of Emesal is to eliminate from the "female language" those sounds which would necessitate observable lip-rounding, presumably for whatever social significance observed lip-rounding by females may have had. Emegi [EG] u => Emesal [ES] i …”

PIE = Proto-Indo-European

Refers often to Kurt Jaritz Schriftarchäologie der altmesopotamischen Kultur ( "1967)

Ancient Signs: The Alphabet & the Origins of Writing – Andis Kaulins cites importance of Ryan"s work – in addition to above: Sumerian Archaic Sign Table, Sumerian Sign Value Register

http://lingwhizt.blogspot.com/2011/01/8-origins-of-writing-in-western.html

- -

Some extracts from LINGUIST List 7.1247 involving Patrick C Ryan

http://linguistlist.org/issues/7/7-1247.html

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Message 3: Sumerian and PIE

Date:Thu, 05 Sep 1996 01:10:28 EDT

From:Alan Huffman <aahny@cunyvm.cuny.edu> Subject:Sumerian and PIE

Here are a couple more for your Sumerian / PIE list:

Sum.: me => "I" [see copula note]

Sum.: adda => "father" cf. Gothic atta

Sum.: nu => "no"

Sum.: lugal => "king" cf. Latin leg-is [and lu/ru interchangeability => rugal => English 'regal' - see note for entry at 12217 LUGAL]

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Other Examples

ABZU = abyss :

1236A ZU = know

1200A AB = cosmic sea, window

1236A ZU, su₂ + 1200A AB = ABZU [reversed]

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122E7 SUM, ŠUM₂, SI₃ = GIVE cf. English "to sum" total / add up; Greek "sigma"

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Shekel – origin of Hebrew term for money re price of bushel of grain, see 122BA SHE

Главные города

Урук/Sumerian: UNUG / cuneiform ^URU UNUG

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Эриду/ Sumerian eridu^ki / cuneiform NUN.KI

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Ур / Sumerian URIM

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UR, urin(uri₃, uru₃)

The name of the city is in origin derived from the god"s name,URIM₂^KIbeing the classical Sumerian spelling ofLAK-32.UNUG^KI, literally “the abode (UNUG) of Nanna (LAK-32)

Top | Содержание | QF

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ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ

How to write on clay | Vowels | Syllabary | Copula | Foxvog"s Basics || Основные леммы | QF | TOC | top

Сокращения / Обозначения

[740x] = number of times attested – as noted by ePSD – it"s important to note that a number of the signs (esp the hundreds of repetitive variants) in the standard lists were rarely used.

[~ xxx!] = very large number e.g. 121A0 KI (gi₅) [32379xxx!] = cosmic world…

uQQ = unicode query – number?

gunû and šeššig

One method of generating new signs was to mark a portion of a base sign to specify the object intended. The marks are called by the scribes either gunû-strokes (from Sumerian gùn-a "colored, decorated") or šeššig- hatchings (due to the resemblance of the strokes to the early cross-hatched form of the Sumerian sign for grain, še). Compare the following two sets of signs:

In the first set, the base sign is sag "head". Strokes over the mouth portion produces SAG-gunû, to be read ka "mouth". In the second set, the base sign is da "side" (i.e., a shoulder, arm and hand). Hatchings over the arm portion produces DA-šeššig, to be read á "arm"… [Foxvog]

CVVE = compound verb verbal element (PSD)

PLM = Proto Language Monosyllables (see True Etym.)

Как писать на глине

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Professor Theo van den Hout

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=cmZ_3VYWLqU

http://www.carolineludovici.com/learn-how-to-write-cuneiform.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=eJYQ8VEFznU

http://archaeology.otterlabs.org/Courses/AncientCivilizations/Syllabus/CuneiformLab.htm

Основные клинописные символы

GE = stylus cuneus; (piece of) writing, copy, exemplar, written; blow; wound [All called 'ge' but then 12100 reed (stylus) is also 'ge']

1230B ge₁₄

12038 ge₁₅

12079 ge₃

1203A ge₂₂

12039 ge₂₃

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122B9

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Числа

nnn

12038 ASH “1″

122F0 MIN “2″ (TAB)

1203C ESH “3″

121F9LIMMU “4″

1213F IA“5″ [I vowel]

1240B ASH “6″

12153 IMIN (5+2) “7″

1240D USSU “8″

12446 ILIMMU (5+4) “9″

1230B U “10″

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cpd geštu, ge-eš-tu = 60 (or 600?) [12100 gi confirm, designation, quality + 1230D eš 30 + 12305 tu small]

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Гласные а, е, и, у

12000 A (water)

1208A E (speak)

1213F I (5)

1230B U (10)

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Произношение

Vowels may be pronounced as follows:

a – as in father, e – as in peg, i – as in hip, u – as in pull.

Of the special consonants,

ñ is pronounced like "ng" in rang, so would be sang, þ is pronounced like "ch" in German Buch (bookkk) or Scottish loch (lookkk, not lock! ['x ()' h-breve plain velar fricative cf. (voiceless) velar fricative // (sometimes just written h); Anatolian ]) – tongue slightly to roof of mouth and breathe through /out, throaty sound, like something stuck in throat, bringing up phlegm] and š is pronounced like "sh" in dash.

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a, e4: n., water; watercourse, canal; seminal fluid; offspring; father; tears; flood.

é: house, household; temple; plot of land.

i: n., cry of pain (derived from ér, ír, "tears; complaint" ?).

v., to capture, defeat, overcome (cf., éd, è; i, "to sprout")

ú: n., plant; vegetable; grass; food; bread; pasture; load.

v., to nourish, support.

adj., strong, powerful (man).

ù: n., sleep (cf., u5). [according to S. Lieberman, u, ù, and u4 were pronounced /o/]

v., to sleep.

u(3,4,8): n., an expression of protest; cries, screams; grunting, panting.

v., to bend over.

u5: n., male bird, cock; totality; earth pile or levee; raised area (sometimes written ù).

v., to mount (coition); to be on top of; to ride; to steer, conduct.

adj., (raised) high, especially land or ground (sometimes written ù).

u18: huge.

u20: barley.

More at The Proto-Sumerian Language Invention Process – John A. Halloran

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Слоговое письмо А-Я: Напиши свое имя на шумерском!

There's no 'o' vowel in Sumerian but 'u' (pron. as in pull) is close. Also use the Клинописные знаки for 3-letter syllables like we did for Hogan

CV consonant vowel Ba | VC aB sss

VC vowel consonant aB [Syll. top | *БП*]